java - native 方法同步

Question

我有一个这样定义的本地方法方法:

public static native int doSomething();

但是，这个方法不是线程安全的。所以，我在上面放了一个 synchronized 关键字，所以它现在看起来像这样:

public static synchronized native int doSomething();

这似乎解决了问题，但我不确定是否确实如此。这有效吗？它是否真的正确地锁定了对该方法的访问？

Answer 1

看完相关JLS section , JLS 中没有任何内容禁止 static 和 native 出现在方法定义中。根据relevant JVM spec:

Method-level synchronization is performed implicitly, as part of method invocation and return (§2.11.8). A synchronized method is distinguished in the run-time constant pool's method_info structure (§4.6) by the ACC_SYNCHRONIZED flag, which is checked by the method invocation instructions. When invoking a method for which ACC_SYNCHRONIZED is set, the executing thread enters a monitor, invokes the method itself, and exits the monitor whether the method invocation completes normally or abruptly. During the time the executing thread owns the monitor, no other thread may enter it. If an exception is thrown during invocation of the synchronized method and the synchronized method does not handle the exception, the monitor for the method is automatically exited before the exception is rethrown out of the synchronized method.

因此，生成的字节码没有任何 monitorenter 或 monitorexit 指令，而 synchronized block 有。在这种情况下唯一生成的是 invokestatic，以便调用静态方法。如果您调用 static native synchronized 方法、static native 方法或 static 方法，则会生成此指令。

下面是一些带有生成的字节码的示例代码:

    public static void main( String[] args ){
            doSomething1();
            System.out.println("Now do 2");
            doSomething2();
            System.out.println("native java");
            doSomethingJava();

            String s = "test";
            synchronized ( s ){
                    int x = 9 + 5;
            }
    }

    public static native void doSomething1();
    public static synchronized native void doSomething2();

    public static synchronized void doSomethingJava(){
            System.out.println("synchronized");
    }

生成的字节码:

Compiled from "test.java"
class test {
  test();
    Code:
       0: aload_0       
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return        

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: invokestatic  #2                  // Method doSomething1:()V
       3: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
       6: ldc           #4                  // String Now do 2
       8: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      11: invokestatic  #6                  // Method doSomething2:()V
      14: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
      17: ldc           #7                  // String native java
      19: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      22: invokestatic  #8                  // Method doSomethingJava:()V
      25: ldc           #9                  // String test
      27: astore_1      
      28: aload_1       
      29: dup           
      30: astore_2      
      31: monitorenter  
      32: bipush        14
      34: istore_3      
      35: aload_2       
      36: monitorexit   
      37: goto          47
      40: astore        4
      42: aload_2       
      43: monitorexit   
      44: aload         4
      46: athrow        
      47: return        
    Exception table:
       from    to  target type
          32    37    40   any
          40    44    40   any

  public static native void doSomething1();

  public static synchronized native void doSomething2();

  public static synchronized void doSomethingJava();
    Code:
       0: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
       3: ldc           #10                 // String synchronized
       5: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
       8: return        
}