swift - Swift 中 Lazy var 和 var as-a-closure 的区别

Question

我创建了一些示例项目来测试各种类型的变量实现，以测试哪些只执行一次，哪些每次调用都执行

class Something:NSObject
{
    var clock:Int = 0
    override var description: String
    {
        let desc = super.description
        clock += 1
        return "\(desc) Clock: \(clock)"
    }
}

static var staticVar:Something
{
    print("static Var")
    return Something()
}
static var staticVar2:Something = {
    print("static Var II")
    return Something()
}()

lazy var lazyVar:Something = {
    print("lazy Var")
    return Something()
}()

var simpleVar:Something {
    print("simple Var")
    return Something()
}

var simpleVar2:Something = {
    print("simple Var II")
    return Something()
}()

然后在 viewDidLoad() 中(以确保变量已经初始化)，多次调用所有变量并保存在数组中以保持引用强

var strongArr = [Something]()

print("== STATIC VAR")
strongArr.append(ViewController.staticVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(ViewController.staticVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(ViewController.staticVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)

print("\n== STATIC VAR {}()")
strongArr.append(ViewController.staticVar2)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(ViewController.staticVar2)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(ViewController.staticVar2)
print(strongArr.last!.description)

print("\n== SIMPLE VAR")
strongArr.append(self.simpleVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(self.simpleVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(self.simpleVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)

print("\n== SIMPLE VAR {}()")
strongArr.append(self.simpleVar2)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(self.simpleVar2)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(self.simpleVar2)
print(strongArr.last!.description)

print("\n== LAZY VAR {}()")
strongArr.append(self.lazyVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(self.lazyVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)
strongArr.append(self.lazyVar)
print(strongArr.last!.description)

这是在控制台注销的结果

== STATIC VAR
static Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003725100> Clock: 1
static Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003725160> Clock: 1
static Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003725270> Clock: 1

== STATIC VAR {}()
static Var II
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x6000037251b0> Clock: 1
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x6000037251b0> Clock: 2
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x6000037251b0> Clock: 3

== SIMPLE VAR
simple Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003725240> Clock: 1
simple Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x6000037252a0> Clock: 1
simple Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x6000037252b0> Clock: 1

== SIMPLE VAR {}()
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003738100> Clock: 1
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003738100> Clock: 2
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x600003738100> Clock: 3

== LAZY VAR {}()
lazy Var
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x60000372ea70> Clock: 1
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x60000372ea70> Clock: 2
<_TtCC8DemoDemo14ViewController9Something: 0x60000372ea70> Clock: 3

根据这些测试，如果 lazy var 和 simple var 都被定义为闭包(() 在末尾)，看起来它们之间没有区别。

作为闭包的变量实现会自动使变量惰性化还是我遗漏了什么？

Answer 1

区别在于运行变量的初始化代码的时间。对于 lazy 变量，初始化代码在第一次访问该变量时运行。对于 non-lazy 变量，它在结构/类初始化时运行。

struct N {
    lazy var a: Int = { print("Setting A"); return 5}();
    var b: Int = { print("Setting B"); return 5 }()
}

var n = N()
print(n.a)
print(n.b)

输出:

Setting B
Setting A
5
5

注意非惰性 b 是如何首先初始化的。 a 仅在访问时被初始化。在任何一种情况下，每个属性的初始化程序只运行一次。