gpt4 book ai didi

javascript - HTML5 Canvas 如何绘制带渐变边框的圆圈?

转载 作者:搜寻专家 更新时间:2023-10-31 22:10:18 25 4
gpt4 key购买 nike

在我搜索了很多之后,我找不到任何教程来回答如何在 HTML5 canvas 中绘制鼠形形状,请原谅我,因为我的数学很差。

不过我确实找到了一些相似/相关的答案,但我不知道如何结合这些知识...

HTML5 Canvas alpha transparency doesn't work in firefox for curves when window is big

Continuous gradient along a HTML5 canvas path

https://stackoverflow.com/a/44856925/3896501

我尝试达到的效果: enter image description here

感谢您的帮助!

更新 1:

到目前为止我创建的代码:

<body>
<div class="con">
<div class="ava"></div>
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
</div>
<script>

var canvas=document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx=canvas.getContext("2d");

var shadowPadding = 8;
var strokeWidth = 2;
canvas.width = canvas.height = (64 + shadowPadding * 2) * window.devicePixelRatio
canvas.style.width = canvas.style.height = `${canvas.width / window.devicePixelRatio}px`

function drawMultiRadiantCircle(xc, yc, r, radientColors) {
var partLength = (2 * Math.PI) / radientColors.length;
var start = 0;
var gradient = null;
var startColor = null,
endColor = null;

for (var i = 0; i < radientColors.length; i++) {
startColor = radientColors[i];
endColor = radientColors[(i + 1) % radientColors.length];

// x start / end of the next arc to draw
var xStart = xc + Math.cos(start) * r;
var xEnd = xc + Math.cos(start + partLength) * r;
// y start / end of the next arc to draw
var yStart = yc + Math.sin(start) * r;
var yEnd = yc + Math.sin(start + partLength) * r;

ctx.beginPath();

gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd);
gradient.addColorStop(0, startColor);
gradient.addColorStop(1, endColor);

ctx.lineWidth = strokeWidth;
ctx.strokeStyle = gradient;

// squircle START
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50206406/drawing-a-squircle-shape-on-canvas-android
// //Formula: (|x|)^3 + (|y|)^3 = radius^3
// ctx.moveTo(-r, 0);
// const radiusToPow = r ** 3;
// const rad = r
// for (let x = -rad ; x <= rad ; x++)
// ctx.lineTo(x + r, Math.cbrt(radiusToPow - Math.abs(x ** 3)) + r);
// for (let x = rad ; x >= -rad ; x--)
// ctx.lineTo(x + r, -Math.cbrt(radiusToPow - Math.abs(x ** 3)) + r);
// ctx.translate(r, r)
// ctx.restore()
// squircle END

// circle START
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/22231473/3896501
ctx.arc(xc, yc, r, start, start + partLength);
// circle END
if (i === 1) {
break
}
ctx.stroke();
ctx.closePath();

start += partLength;
}
}

var someColors = [];
someColors.push('#0F0');
someColors.push('#0FF');
someColors.push('#F00');
someColors.push('#FF0');
someColors.push('#F0F');

var mid = canvas.width / 2;
var r = (canvas.width - (shadowPadding * 2)) / 2 + (strokeWidth / 2)
drawMultiRadiantCircle(mid, mid, r, someColors);

</script>
<style>
.con {
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
display: flex;
height: 4rem;
margin: 6rem;
width: 4rem;
position: relative;
}
.ava {
background: #555 50% no-repeat;
background-size: contain;
border-radius: 24px;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
canvas {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
position: absolute;
}
</style>
</body>

用渐变颜色绘制圆的部分:

画一个圆圈:

我不知道如何像 context.arc 那样编写一个算法来绘制一部分 squircle。

最佳答案

如果我们阅读 wikipedia article on squircles ,我们看到这只是使用 2 或更高次方的未加权椭圆函数,这意味着我们可以很容易地计算给定“x”值的“y”值并以这种方式绘制东西,但这样做会给我们带来极不均匀的部分:x 中的小变化|将导致 y 发生巨大变化在起点和终点,以及 y 的微小变化在中点。

相反,让我们将 squircle 建模为参数函数,因此我们改变一个控制值并获得合理均匀间隔的间隔。我们可以在关于 superellipse function 的维基百科文章中找到这个解释。 :

x = |cos(t)^(2/n)| * sign(cos(t))
y = |sin(t)^(2/n)| * sign(sin(t))

t从 0 到 2π,半径固定为 1(因此它们从乘法中消失)。

如果我们实现它,那么我们几乎可以在事后添加彩虹色,分别绘制每个路径段,带有 strokeStyle使用 HSL 颜色的着色,其中色调值根据我们的 t 发生变化。值:

// alias some math functions so we don't need that "Math." all the time
const abs=Math.abs, sign=Math.sign, sin=Math.sin, cos=Math.cos, pow=Math.pow;

// N=2 YIELDS A CIRCLE, N>2 YIELDS A SQUIRCLE
const n = 4;

function coord(t) {
let power = 2/n;
let c = cos(t), x = pow(abs(c), power) * sign(c);
let s = sin(t), y = pow(abs(s), power) * sign(s);
return { x, y };
}

function drawSegmentTo(t) {
let c = coord(t);
let cx = dim + r * c.x; // Here, dim is our canvas "radius",
let cy = dim + r * c.y; // and r is our circle radius, with
ctx.lineTo(cx, cy); // ctx being our canvas context.

// stroke segment in rainbow colours
let h = (360 * t)/TAU;
ctx.strokeStyle = `hsl(${h}, 100%, 50%)`;
ctx.stroke();

// start a new segment at the end point
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(cx, cy);
}

然后我们可以将其与一些标准的 Canvas2D API 代码结合使用:

const PI = Math.PI,
TAU = PI * 2,
edge = 200, // SIZE OF THE CANVAS, IN PIXELS
dim = edge/2,
r = dim * 0.9,
cvs = document.getElementById('draw');

// set up our canvas
cvs.height = cvs.width = edge;
ctx = cvs.getContext('2d');
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.fillStyle = '#004';
ctx.strokeStyle = 'black';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, edge, edge);

完成所有设置后,绘制代码就非常简单了:

// THIS DETERMINES HOW SMOOTH OF A CURVE GETS DRAWN
const segments = 32;

// Peg our starting point, which we know is (r,0) away from the center.
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(dim + r, dim)

// Then we generate all the line segments on the path
for (let step=TAU/segments, t=step; t<=TAU; t+=step) drawSegmentTo(t);

// And because IEEE floats are imprecise, the last segment may not
// actually reach our starting point. As such, make sure to draw it!
ctx.lineTo(dim + r, dim);
ctx.stroke();

运行它会产生以下 squircle:

a rainbox squircle of power 4

有了 jsbin,你就可以玩数字了:https://jsbin.com/haxeqamilo/edit?js,output

当然,您也可以采用完全不同的方式:使用 <path> 创建一个 SVG 元素(因为 SVG 是 HTML5 的一部分)元素并适当设置宽度,高度和 View 框,然后生成一个d属性和渐变颜色,但那绝对是way more finnicky .

关于javascript - HTML5 Canvas 如何绘制带渐变边框的圆圈?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56676034/

25 4 0
Copyright 2021 - 2024 cfsdn All Rights Reserved 蜀ICP备2022000587号
广告合作:1813099741@qq.com 6ren.com