Swift Codable - 解析可以包含不同数据类型的 JSON 数组

Question

我正在尝试解析一个 JSON 数组，它可以是

{
  "config_data": [
      {
        "name": "illuminate",
        "config_title": "Blink"
      },
      {
        "name": "shoot",
        "config_title": "Fire"
      }
    ]
}

也可以是以下类型

{
  "config_data": [
          "illuminate",
          "shoot"
        ]
}

甚至

{
    "config_data": [
              25,
              100
            ]
  }

为了使用 JSONDecoder 解析它，我创建了一个结构，如下所示 -

Struct Model: Codable {
  var config_data: [Any]?

  enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
    case config_data = "config_data"
   }

  init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
    config_data = try values.decode([Any].self, forKey: .config_data)
  }
}

但这行不通，因为 Any 不确认可解码协议(protocol)。这可能是什么解决方案。该数组可以包含任何类型的数据

Answer 1

我用了quicktype推断 config_data 的类型，它为您的对象、字符串和整数值建议了一个具有不同大小写的枚举:

struct ConfigData {
    let configData: [ConfigDatumElement]
}

enum ConfigDatumElement {
    case configDatumClass(ConfigDatumClass)
    case integer(Int)
    case string(String)
}

struct ConfigDatumClass {
    let name, configTitle: String
}

这是 the complete code example .解码 enum 有点棘手，但 quicktype 可以帮助您:

// To parse the JSON, add this file to your project and do:
//
//   let configData = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ConfigData.self, from: jsonData)

import Foundation

struct ConfigData: Codable {
    let configData: [ConfigDatumElement]

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case configData = "config_data"
    }
}

enum ConfigDatumElement: Codable {
    case configDatumClass(ConfigDatumClass)
    case integer(Int)
    case string(String)

    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        if let x = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            self = .integer(x)
            return
        }
        if let x = try? container.decode(String.self) {
            self = .string(x)
            return
        }
        if let x = try? container.decode(ConfigDatumClass.self) {
            self = .configDatumClass(x)
            return
        }
        throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(ConfigDatumElement.self, DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Wrong type for ConfigDatumElement"))
    }

    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        switch self {
        case .configDatumClass(let x):
            try container.encode(x)
        case .integer(let x):
            try container.encode(x)
        case .string(let x):
            try container.encode(x)
        }
    }
}

struct ConfigDatumClass: Codable {
    let name, configTitle: String

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case name
        case configTitle = "config_title"
    }
}

使用 enum 很好，因为这样可以获得最大的类型安全性。其他答案似乎失去了这一点。

使用 quicktype 的 convenience initializers 选项，一个工作代码示例是:

let data = try ConfigData("""
{
  "config_data": [
    {
      "name": "illuminate",
      "config_title": "Blink"
    },
    {
      "name": "shoot",
      "config_title": "Fire"
    },
    "illuminate",
    "shoot",
    25,
    100
  ]
}
""")

for item in data.configData {
    switch item {
    case .configDatumClass(let d):
        print("It's a class:", d)
    case .integer(let i):
        print("It's an int:", i)
    case .string(let s):
        print("It's a string:", s)
    }
}

这打印:

It's a class: ConfigDatumClass(name: "illuminate", configTitle: "Blink")
It's a class: ConfigDatumClass(name: "shoot", configTitle: "Fire")
It's a string: illuminate
It's a string: shoot
It's an int: 25
It's an int: 100