java - 如何用 Java 替换文本中的字符串？

Question

在一个项目中，我们有这样的文本文件:

mv A, R3
mv R2, B
mv R1, R3
mv B, R4
add A, R1
add B, R1
add R1, R2
add R3, R3
add R21, X
add R12, Y
mv X, R2

我需要根据以下内容替换字符串，但我正在寻找以获得更通用的解决方案。

R1  => R2
R2  => R3
R3  => R1
R12 => R21
R21 => R12

我知道我可以在 Perl 中完成，以下代码中的 replace() 函数，但真正的应用程序是用 Java 编写的，所以解决方案需要在Java中也是如此。

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

use File::Slurp qw(read_file write_file);


my %map = (
    R1  => 'R2',
    R2  => 'R3',
    R3  => 'R1',
    R12 => 'R21',
    R21 => 'R12',
);

replace(\%map, \@ARGV);

sub replace {
    my ($map, $files) = @_;

    # Create R12|R21|R1|R2|R3
    # making sure R12 is before R1
    my $regex = join "|",
                sort { length($b) <=> length($a) }
                keys %$map;

    my $ts = time;

    foreach my $file (@$files) {
        my $data = read_file($file);
        $data =~ s/\b($regex)\b/$map{$1}/g;
        rename $file, "$file.$ts";       # backup with current timestamp
        write_file( $file, $data);
    }
}

非常感谢您对 Java 实现的帮助。

Answer 1

在过去的两周里，我不得不多次使用这种算法。所以这是世界上第二冗长的语言......

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

/*
R1  => R2
R2  => R3
R3  => R1
R12 => R21
R21 => R12
*/

String inputString 
    = "mv A, R3\n"
    + "mv R2, B\n"
    + "mv R1, R3\n"
    + "mv B, R4\n"
    + "add A, R1\n"
    + "add B, R1\n"
    + "add R1, R2\n"
    + "add R3, R3\n"
    + "add R21, X\n"
    + "add R12, Y\n"
    + "mv X, R2"
    ;

System.out.println( "inputString = \"" + inputString + "\"" );

HashMap h = new HashMap();
h.put( "R1",  "R2" );
h.put( "R2",  "R3" );
h.put( "R3",  "R1" );
h.put( "R12", "R21" );
h.put( "R21", "R12" );

Pattern      p       = Pattern.compile( "\\b(R(?:12?|21?|3))\\b");
Matcher      m       = p.matcher( inputString );
StringBuffer sbuff   = new StringBuffer();
int          lastEnd = 0;
while ( m.find()) {
    int mstart = m.start();
    if ( lastEnd < mstart ) { 
        sbuff.append( inputString.substring( lastEnd, mstart ));
    }
    String key   = m.group( 1 );
    String value = (String)h.get( key );
    sbuff.append( value );
    lastEnd = m.end();
}
if ( lastEnd < inputString.length() ) { 
    sbuff.append( inputString.substring( lastEnd ));
}

System.out.println( "sbuff = \"" + sbuff + "\"" );

这可以通过这些类进行 Java 化:

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

interface StringReplacer { 
    public CharSequence getReplacement( Matcher matcher );
}

class Replacementifier { 

    static Comparator keyComparator = new Comparator() { 
         public int compare( Object o1, Object o2 ) {
             String s1   = (String)o1;
             String s2   = (String)o2;
             int    diff = s1.length() - s2.length();
             return diff != 0 ? diff : s1.compareTo( s2 );
         }
    };
    Map replaceMap = null;

    public Replacementifier( Map aMap ) { 
        if ( aMap != null ) { 
            setReplacements( aMap ); 
        }
    }

    public setReplacements( Map aMap ) { 
        replaceMap = aMap;
    }

    private static String createKeyExpression( Map m ) { 
        Set          set = new TreeSet( keyComparator );
        set.addAll( m.keySet());
        Iterator     sit = set.iterator();
        StringBuffer sb  = new StringBuffer( "(" + sit.next());

        while ( sit.hasNext()) { 
            sb.append( "|" ).append( sit.next());
        }
        sb.append( ")" );
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public String replace( Pattern pattern, CharSequence input, StringReplacer replaceFilter ) {
        StringBuffer output  = new StringBuffer();
        Matcher      matcher = pattern.matcher( inputString );
        int          lastEnd = 0;
        while ( matcher.find()) {
            int mstart = matcher.start();
            if ( lastEnd < mstart ) { 
                output.append( inputString.substring( lastEnd, mstart ));
            }
            CharSequence cs = replaceFilter.getReplacement( matcher );
            if ( cs != null ) { 
                output.append( cs );
            }
            lastEnd = matcher.end();
        }
        if ( lastEnd < inputString.length() ) { 
            sbuff.append( inputString.substring( lastEnd ));
        }
    }

    public String replace( Map rMap, CharSequence input ) {
        // pre-condition
        if ( rMap == null && replaceMap == null ) return input;

        Map     repMap = rMap != null ? rMap : replaceMap;
        Pattern pattern  
            = Pattern.compile( createKeyExpression( repMap ))
            ;
        StringReplacer replacer = new StringReplacer() { 
            public CharSequence getReplacement( Matcher matcher ) {
                String key   = matcher.group( 1 );
                return (String)repMap.get( key );
            }
        };
        return replace( pattern, input, replacer ); 
    }
}