JavaFX - 将 FXML 包装到 Java 类 Controller

Question

我有一个包含 TreeView 控件的 FXML 文件:

<AnchorPane id="AnchorPane" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="500.0" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml" fx:controller="test.MyControllerClass">

<TreeView fx:id="locationTreeView" layoutX="12.0" layoutY="158.0" prefHeight="193.0" prefWidth="471.0" />

然后我的 Java 类 Controller 需要用这个 TreeView 包装并动态添加 TreeItem。这就是问题所在，它没有加载那些 TreeItem。这是下面的测试代码，来 self 的 Controller :

public class MyControllerClass extends Application {

    @FXML
    private TreeView<String> locationTreeView;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {

        stage.initStyle(StageStyle.TRANSPARENT);
        stage.getIcons().add(new Image(getClass().getResourceAsStream("myIcon.png")));

        Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("myInterface.fxml"));

        Scene scene = new Scene(root);
        stage.setScene(scene);

        loadTreeItems();

        stage.show();
    }

    // Just a simple example that still doesn't works
    private void loadTreeItems() {

        try {
            TreeItem<String> root = new TreeItem<String>("Root Node");
            root.setExpanded(true);
            root.getChildren().addAll(
                new TreeItem<String>("Item 1"),
                new TreeItem<String>("Item 2"),
                new TreeItem<String>("Item 3")
            );

            locationTreeView = new TreeView<String>(root);

        } catch (Exception exc) {
            System.out.println("Error: " + exc.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
         launch(args);
    }
}

知道为什么它不起作用吗？

Answer 1

您的应用程序无法运行的原因有几个:

1. 您需要将 Controller 和应用程序分开。
2. 您应该允许 FXML 系统注入(inject) TreeView 实例而不是创建一个新实例(正如 Aaron 在他的回答中指出的那样)。

您当前构建应用程序的方式将会发生什么:

1. Java 系统将在启动时创建一个 MyControllerClass 实例(并调用它的 start 方法)。
2. FXMLLoader 将创建 MyControllerClass 的另一个实例 每次 myInterface.fxml 文件已加载。
3. FXMLLoader 将创建一个新的 TreeView 实例，并在 new 的 locationTreeView 成员上执行 FXML 注入(inject)> MyControllerClass 它创建的实例。
4. FXMLLoader 将尝试在新的 MyControllerClass(您没有)上调用 initialize 方法。
5. FXMLLoader 将不会调用新 MyControllerClass 上的start 方法.
6. 您对原始 MyControllerClass 的原始 start 方法调用将继续处理并创建另一个新 TreeView 实例，该实例它将 old MyControllerClass 实例的 locationTreeView 成员设置为。

---

我更新了您的代码以进行我上面建议的修改，并且代码现在可以工作了。更新的code is available .

运行代码的示例屏幕截图是:

MyApplicationClass.java

import javafx.animation.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.*;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.stage.*;
import javafx.util.Duration;

/** Sample application to demonstrate programming an FXML interface. */ 
public class MyApplicationClass extends Application {
  @Override public void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {
    // load the scene fxml UI.
    // grabs the UI scenegraph view from the loader.
    // grabs the UI controller for the view from the loader.
    final FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass().getResource("myInterface.fxml"));
    final Parent root = (Parent) loader.load();
    final MyControllerClass controller = loader.<MyControllerClass>getController();

    // continuously refresh the TreeItems.
    // demonstrates using controller methods to manipulate the controlled UI.
    final Timeline timeline = new Timeline(
      new KeyFrame(
        Duration.seconds(3), 
        new TreeLoadingEventHandler(controller)
      )
    );
    timeline.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
    timeline.play();

    // close the app if the user clicks on anywhere on the window.
    // just provides a simple way to kill the demo app.
    root.addEventFilter(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
      @Override public void handle(MouseEvent t) {
        stage.hide();
      }
    });

    // initialize the stage.
    stage.setScene(new Scene(root));
    stage.initStyle(StageStyle.TRANSPARENT);
    stage.getIcons().add(new Image(getClass().getResourceAsStream("myIcon.png")));
    stage.show();
  }

  /** small helper class for handling tree loading events. */
  private class TreeLoadingEventHandler implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
    private MyControllerClass controller;
    private int idx = 0;

    TreeLoadingEventHandler(MyControllerClass controller) {
      this.controller = controller;
    }

    @Override public void handle(ActionEvent t) {
      controller.loadTreeItems("Loaded " + idx, "Loaded " + (idx + 1), "Loaded " + (idx + 2));
      idx += 3;
    }
  }

  // main method is only for legacy support - java 8 won't call it for a javafx application.
  public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); }
}

MyControllerClass.java

import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.control.*;

/** Sample controller class. */ 
public class MyControllerClass {
  // the FXML annotation tells the loader to inject this variable before invoking initialize.
  @FXML private TreeView<String> locationTreeView;

  // the initialize method is automatically invoked by the FXMLLoader - it's magic
  public void initialize() {
    loadTreeItems("initial 1", "initial 2", "initial 3");
  }  

  // loads some strings into the tree in the application UI.
  public void loadTreeItems(String... rootItems) {
    TreeItem<String> root = new TreeItem<String>("Root Node");
    root.setExpanded(true);
    for (String itemString: rootItems) {
      root.getChildren().add(new TreeItem<String>(itemString));
    }

    locationTreeView.setRoot(root);
  }
}

myInterface.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>

<AnchorPane id="AnchorPane" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml" fx:controller="test.MyControllerClass">
  <TreeView fx:id="locationTreeView" layoutX="0" layoutY="0" prefHeight="193.0" prefWidth="471.0" />
</AnchorPane>