java - 无法在 Junit 测试中 Autowiring JpaRepository - Spring 启动应用程序

Question

大家好

我正在尝试在 Spring boot 应用程序中执行 Junit 测试，Junit 应该测试一些 CRUD 操作，我正在使用 Spring Repositories，特别是 JpaRepository。

存储库类:

package au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import au.com.bla.bla.bla.entity.Todo;

public interface TodoRepository extends JpaRepository<Todo, Integer> {

}

TodoController 类

package au.com.bla.bla.bla.controller;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import au.com.bla.bla.bla.entity.Todo;
import au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository.TodoRepository;


import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RestController
@CrossOrigin
public class TodoController
{
    static final String TEXT = "text";

    @Autowired
    private TodoRepository todoRepository;

...
    @RequestMapping(path = "/todo", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Todo create(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> body)
    {
        Todo todo = new Todo();
        todo.setCompleted(Boolean.FALSE);
        todo.setText(body.get(TEXT).toString());
        todoRepository.save(todo);
        return todo;
    }
...

JUnit:

package au.com.bla.bla.bla.controller;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.springframework.http.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.put;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository.TodoRepository;

@WebMvcTest(TodoController.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class TodoControllerTest {

  @Autowired
  private MockMvc mvc;

  @Autowired
  private TodoController subject;

  @Before
 public void setUp() {

  }

  @Test
  public void testCreate() throws Exception {

    String json = "{\"text\":\"a new todo\"}";

    mvc.perform(post("/todo").content(json)
                             .contentType(APPLICATION_JSON)
                             .accept(APPLICATION_JSON))
       .andExpect(status().isOk())
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(3))
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.text").value("a new todo"))
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.completed").value(false));

    assertThat(subject.getTodos()).hasSize(4);
  }
  ...

问题:

当执行 Junit 时，我遇到了这个异常:

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'todoController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'todoRepository': No qualifying bean of type [au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository.TodoRepository] found for dependency [au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository.TodoRepository]: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository.TodoRepository] found for dependency [au.com.bla.bla.bla.repository.TodoRepository]: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:569) ~[spring-beans-4.3.2.RELEASE.jar:4.3.2.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) ~[spring-beans-4.3.2.RELEASE.jar:4.3.2.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:349) ~[spring-beans-4.3.2.RELEASE.jar:4.3.2.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214) ~[spring-beans-4.3.2.RELEASE.jar:4.3.2.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543) ~[spring-beans-4.3.2.RELEASE.jar:4.3.2.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) ~[spring-beans-4.3.2.RELEASE.jar:4.3.2.RELEASE]
…

有人可以帮忙吗？提前致谢

Answer 1

您的错误实际上是@WebMvcTest 的预期行为。您基本上有 2 个选项可以在您的 Controller 上执行测试。

1。 @WebMvcTest - 需要使用@MockBean

使用@WebMvcTest，加载最小的spring 上下文，刚好足以测试web Controller 。这意味着您的存储库不可用于注入(inject):

Spring documentation :

@WebMvcTest will auto-configure the Spring MVC infrastructure and limit scanned beans to @Controller, @ControllerAdvice, @JsonComponent, Filter, WebMvcConfigurer and HandlerMethodArgumentResolver.

假设目标只是测试 Controller ，您应该使用 @MockBean 将您的存储库作为模拟注入(inject)。

你可以有这样的东西:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(TodoController.class)
public class TodoControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Autowired
    private TodoController subject;

    @MockBean
    private TodoRepository todoRepository;

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {
    String json = "{\"text\":\"a new todo\"}";

    mvc.perform(post("/todo").content(json)
                             .contentType(APPLICATION_JSON)
                             .accept(APPLICATION_JSON))
       .andExpect(status().isOk())
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(3))
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.text").value("a new todo"))
       .andExpect(jsonPath("$.completed").value(false));

        Mockito.verify(todoRepository, Mockito.times(1)).save(any(Todo.class));
    }
}

2。 @SpringBootTest - 你可以@Autowire beans

如果你想加载整个应用上下文，那么使用@SpringBootTest:http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html

你会有这样的东西:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class TodoControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Autowired
    TodoController subject;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testNoErrorSanityCheck() throws Exception {
        String json = "{\"text\":\"a new todo\"}";

        mvc.perform(post("/todo").content(json)
                .contentType(APPLICATION_JSON)
                .accept(APPLICATION_JSON))
        .andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(3))
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.text").value("a new todo"))
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.completed").value(false));

        assertThat(subject.getTodos()).hasSize(4);
    }
}