c++ - 比较 -INT_MIN (GCC)

Question

谁能解释 GCC-7 编译器的以下行为？

// main.cpp
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = -2147483648;
    int b = -a;

    cout << "a == " << dec << a << " == 0x" << hex << a << "\n";
    cout << "b == " << dec << b << " == 0x" << hex << b << "\n";

    if (a > 0)
        cout << "a > 0      // ERROR\n";
    else
        cout << "a <= 0     // OK\n";

    if (b > 0)
        cout << "b > 0      // ERROR\n\n";
    else
        cout << "b <= 0     // OK\n\n";

    int aa[] = { -2147483648, 0 };
    int bb = -aa[0];

    cout << "aa[0] == " << dec << aa[0] << " == 0x" << hex << aa[0] << "\n";
    cout << "bb    == " << dec << bb << " == 0x" << hex << bb << "\n";

    if (aa[0] > 0)
        cout << "aa[0] > 0  // ERROR\n";
    else
        cout << "aa[0] <= 0 // OK\n";

    if (bb > 0)
        cout << "bb > 0     // ERROR\n\n";
    else
        cout << "bb <= 0    // OK\n\n";

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}

没有优化的编译:g++ main.cpp

输出:

a == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
b == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
a <= 0     // OK
b <= 0     // OK

aa[0] == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
bb    == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
aa[0] <= 0 // OK
bb <= 0    // OK

优化编译:g++ -O2 main.cpp

输出:

a == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
b == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
a <= 0     // OK
b <= 0     // OK

aa[0] == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
bb    == -2147483648 == 0x80000000
aa[0] <= 0 // OK
bb > 0     // ERROR

这是未定义的行为还是编译器错误？

GCC版本:gcc(Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04)7.3.0

Answer 1

这是未定义的行为。大概在你的机器上 int 是 32 位的，其范围是 -2147483648 到 2147483647。尝试否定 -2147483648 会导致溢出(不是 Stack Overflow :P)，这是未定义的行为(定义了无符号溢出，但没有定义有符号溢出。)因此编译器可以做任何它喜欢的事情。