c++ - 来自 cython wiki 的 Hello World 无法正常工作

Question

我正尝试按照 Cython 中的教程进行操作:http://docs.cython.org/docs/tutorial.html#the-basics-of-cython我遇到了问题。

文件非常简单。我有一个 helloworld.pyx:

print "Hello World"

和一个setup.py:

from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext

setup(
    cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext},
    ext_modules = [Extension("helloworld", ["helloworld.pyx"])]
)

然后我用标准命令编译它:

python setup.py build_ext --inplace

我收到以下错误:

running build
running build_ext
building 'helloworld' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c helloworld.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/helloworld.o
helloworld.c:4:20: error: Python.h: No such file or directory
helloworld.c:5:26: error: structmember.h: No such file or directory
helloworld.c:34: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘PyObject’
helloworld.c:121: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘PyObject’
helloworld.c:139: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:140: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘__pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong’
helloworld.c:141: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘__pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong’
helloworld.c:142: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:147: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:148: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:149: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:150: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:151: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:152: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:153: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:154: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:155: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:156: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:157: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:172: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:173: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:174: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:181: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:198: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:200: error: array type has incomplete element type
helloworld.c:221: error: ‘__pyx_kp_1’ undeclared here (not in a function)
helloworld.c:221: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:221: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[0]’)
helloworld.c:221: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:221: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[0]’)
helloworld.c:221: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:221: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[0]’)
helloworld.c:221: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:221: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[0]’)
helloworld.c:221: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:221: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[0]’)
helloworld.c:221: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:221: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[0]’)
helloworld.c:222: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:222: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[1]’)
helloworld.c:222: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:222: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[1]’)
helloworld.c:222: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:222: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[1]’)
helloworld.c:222: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:222: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[1]’)
helloworld.c:222: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:222: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[1]’)
helloworld.c:222: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
helloworld.c:222: warning: (near initialization for ‘__pyx_string_tab[1]’)
helloworld.c:237: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘inithelloworld’
helloworld.c:238: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘inithelloworld’
helloworld.c:305: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:313: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:379:21: error: compile.h: No such file or directory
helloworld.c:380:25: error: frameobject.h: No such file or directory
helloworld.c:381:23: error: traceback.h: No such file or directory
helloworld.c: In function ‘__Pyx_AddTraceback’:
helloworld.c:384: error: ‘PyObject’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:384: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
helloworld.c:384: error: for each function it appears in.)
helloworld.c:384: error: ‘py_srcfile’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:385: error: ‘py_funcname’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:386: error: ‘py_globals’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:387: error: ‘empty_string’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:388: error: ‘PyCodeObject’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:388: error: ‘py_code’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:389: error: ‘PyFrameObject’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:389: error: ‘py_frame’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:392: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_FromString’
helloworld.c:399: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_FromFormat’
helloworld.c:412: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyModule_GetDict’
helloworld.c:412: error: ‘__pyx_m’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:415: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_FromStringAndSize’
helloworld.c:420: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyCode_New’
helloworld.c:429: error: ‘__pyx_empty_tuple’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:440: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyFrame_New’
helloworld.c:441: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyThreadState_GET’
helloworld.c:448: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyTraceBack_Here’
helloworld.c:450: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_XDECREF’
helloworld.c: In function ‘__Pyx_InitStrings’:
helloworld.c:458: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘p’
helloworld.c:460: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘is_unicode’
helloworld.c:460: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘is_identifier’
helloworld.c:461: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘p’
helloworld.c:461: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8’
helloworld.c:461: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘s’
helloworld.c:461: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘n’
helloworld.c:461: error: ‘NULL’ undeclared (first use in this function)
helloworld.c:462: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘intern’
helloworld.c:463: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘p’
helloworld.c:463: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_InternFromString’
helloworld.c:463: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘s’
helloworld.c:465: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘p’
helloworld.c:465: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘s’
helloworld.c:465: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘n’
helloworld.c:476: error: ‘__Pyx_StringTabEntry’ has no member named ‘p’
helloworld.c: At top level:
helloworld.c:485: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:494: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:500: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘__pyx_PyInt_AsLongLong’
helloworld.c:516: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘__pyx_PyInt_AsUnsignedLongLong’
helloworld.c:538: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:553: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:568: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:583: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:598: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:613: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:628: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:643: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:658: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:673: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
helloworld.c:688: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

我从 Ubuntu 9.04 存储库安装了 python 和 cython。我不明白为什么编译器找不到 Python.h。

我试过:

cython helloworld.pyx

然后用gcc手动编译结果:

gcc -shared -pthread -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/include/python2.5 -o helloworld.so helloworld.c

并得到完全相同的错误消息。

有什么线索吗？

Answer 1

看起来您缺少一些像 python_dev 之类的软件包——Debian 和衍生产品(包括 Ubuntu)长期以来倾向于将可能被“开发人员”使用的所有东西与包裹中“每个人”的部分……我可以辩论的一种哲学立场(并且已经在许多论坛中辩论过，但没有取得太大的实际成功)，但可悲的是，不能只是忽略:-(