c++ - CMake 3.8.0 在 makefile 中生成错误的链接命令

Question

问题:

在我运行 cmake 生成一个带有 STATIC 库的项目并成功完成后，ninja 和 mingw32-make 都无法在链接时建立它们的目标。对于 SHARED 库或可执行文件，同样的设置工作正常。我已经为“Ninja”和“MinGW Makefiles”生成器尝试过这个:

忍者输出:

[2/2] Linking CXX static library hello_wsl.lib
FAILED: hello_wsl.lib
cmd.exe /C "cd . && "C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove hello_wsl.lib && "" qc hello_wsl.lib  CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/lib_hello_world.cpp.obj && cd ."
"""" no se reconoce como un comando interno o externo,
programa o archivo por lotes ejecutable.
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

mingw32-make 输出:

Scanning dependencies of target hello_wsl
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/lib_hello_world.cpp.obj
[100%] Linking CXX static library hello_wsl.lib
Error running link command: El parámetro no es correcto
CMakeFiles\hello_wsl.dir\build.make:93: recipe for target 'hello_wsl.lib' failed
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [hello_wsl.lib] Error 2
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/all' failed
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:82: recipe for target 'all' failed
mingw32-make.exe: *** [all] Error 2

另请查看“MinGW Makefiles”生成的“project_root\build\CMakeFiles\hello_wsl.dir\link.txt”:

"" qc hello_wsl.lib  CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/lib_hello_world.cpp.obj

---

示例项目，分步重现“MinGW Makefiles”的问题:

• 安装CMake 3.8.0
• 安装 MinGWx64 6.3 windows 二进制文件 ( I've downloaded them from here )
• 为此项目创建一个根文件夹，我将在本示例中将其称为 project_root。
• 在里面创建这些子文件夹:
  1. project_root\build
  2. project_root\include
  3. project_root\include\lib_hello_world

• 创建这些文件:

  1. project_root\include\lib_hello_world\lib_hello_world.cpp:

     #include <iostream>
     
     class HelloWorldClass{
         HelloWorldClass(){
             std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
         }
     };
     

  2. project_root\include\lib_hello_world\CMakeLists.txt:

     cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8.0)
     project(lib_hello_world)
     
     add_library(lib_hello_world STATIC lib_hello_world.cpp)
     

  3. project_root\toolchain.cmake:

     # Target system (cross compile)
     set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME WindowsStore)
     set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 10.0)
     
     # BIN utils
     SET(CMAKE_AR      "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/ar.exe")
     SET(CMAKE_OBJCOPY "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/objcopy.exe")
     SET(CMAKE_OBJDUMP "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/objdump.exe")
     SET(CMAKE_RANLIB  "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/ranlib.exe")
     SET(CMAKE_NM      "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/nm.exe")
     SET(CMAKE_STRIP   "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/strip.exe")
     
     # C compiler
     SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/gcc.exe")
     
     # CXX compiler
     SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/g++.exe")
     
     # LINKER
     SET(CMAKE_LINKER "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/ld.bfd.exe")
     

  4. project_root\configure.bat:

     @ECHO OFF
     SETLOCAL
     @ECHO OFF
     REM Change these variables to the corresponding paths on your own system
     SET "CMAKE_EXECUTABLE=C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"
     SET "MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR=C:/Program Files/MinGWx64/bin"
     CD "%~dp0\build"
     CALL "%CMAKE_EXECUTABLE%" "-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug" -G "MinGW Makefiles" "-DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM='%MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR%/mingw32-make.exe'" "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE='%~dp0/toolchain.cmake'" "%~dp0/include/lib_hello_world"
     ENDLOCAL
     

  5. project_root\build.bat:

     @ECHO OFF
     SETLOCAL
     @ECHO OFF
     REM Change this variable to the corresponding path on your own system
     SET "MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR=C:/Program Files/MinGWx64/bin"
     CD "%~dp0\build"
     CALL "%MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR%/mingw32-make.exe"
     ENDLOCAL
     

• 最后，打开CMD并运行命令:

  project_root\configure.bat
  project_root\build.bat
  

---

这是我发现的粗略修复/解决方法:

• 创建这个文件:project_root\fix.bat:

  @ECHO OFF
  SETLOCAL
  @ECHO OFF
  
  MOVE "%~dp0\build\CMakeCache.txt" ".\"
  RMDIR "%~dp0\build" /S /Q
  MKDIR "%~dp0\build"
  MOVE "%~dp0\CMakeCache.txt" ".\build\"
  
  ENDLOCAL
  

• 重现错误后，打开 CMD 并运行:

  project_root\fix.bat
  project_root\configure.bat
  project_root\build.bat
  

• 修复后的 ninja 输出(成功链接):

  [2/2] Linking CXX static library hello_wsl.lib
  

• mingw32-make 修复后(链接成功):

  Scanning dependencies of target hello_wsl
  [ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/lib_hello_world.cpp.obj
  [100%] Linking CXX static library hello_wsl.lib
  [100%] Built target hello_wsl
  

---

为了解决这个问题，我做了一些事情:

• 在应用修复并重新运行配置和构建之前，我备份了 CMakeCache.txt (CMakeCache.txt.before_fix)。重新配置并成功构建项目后，CMakeCache.txt.before_fix 和 CMakeCache.txt 文件之间没有区别。

• 我还备份了“rules.ninja”然后和FC对比。这是 FC "project_root\rules.ninja.before_fix""project_root\build\rules.ninja"的输出:

  Comparando archivos .\rules.ninja.before_fix y .\BUILD\RULES.NINJA
  ***** .\rules.ninja.before_fix
  rule CXX_STATIC_LIBRARY_LINKER__lib_hello_world
  command = cmd.exe /C "$PRE_LINK && "C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove $TARGET_FILE && "" qc $TARGET_FILE $LINK_
  FLAGS $in && $POST_BUILD"
  description = Linking CXX static library $TARGET_FILE
  ***** .\BUILD\RULES.NINJA
  rule CXX_STATIC_LIBRARY_LINKER__lib_hello_world
  command = cmd.exe /C "$PRE_LINK && "C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove $TARGET_FILE && C:\PROGRA~1\MinGWx64\bin\
  ar.exe qc $TARGET_FILE $LINK_FLAGS $in && C:\PROGRA~1\MinGWx64\bin\ranlib.exe $TARGET_FILE && $POST_BUILD"
  description = Linking CXX static library $TARGET_FILE
  *****
  

• 并为“MinGW Makefiles”做了同样的事情。这是 FC "project_root\link.txt.before_fix""project_root\build\CMakeFiles\lib_hello_world.dir\link.txt"的输​​出:

  Comparando archivos .\link.txt.before_fix y .\BUILD\CMAKEFILES\LIB_HELLO_WORLD.DIR\LINK.TXT
  ***** .\link.txt.before_fix
  "" qc hello_wsl.lib  CMakeFiles/hello_wsl.dir/lib_hello_world.cpp.obj
  ***** .\BUILD\CMAKEFILES\LIB_HELLO_WORLD.DIR\LINK.TXT
  C:\PROGRA~1\MinGWx64\bin\ar.exe qc lib_hello_world.lib  CMakeFiles/lib_hello_world.dir/lib_hello_world.cpp.obj
  C:\PROGRA~1\MinGWx64\bin\ranlib.exe lib_hello_world.lib
  *****
  

Answer 1

关于 CMAKE_AR 和 CMAKE_RUNLIB 变量有一些具体说明:根据 bugreport它们应该声明为缓存:

SET(CMAKE_AR      "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/ar.exe" CACHE FILEPATH "Arhiver")
SET(CMAKE_RANLIB  "$ENV{MINGW_W64_BIN_DIR}/ranlib.exe" CACHE FILEPATH "Runlib")