C++ 继承 : function signatures for base type not working with derived type

Question

我有以下代码:

class STFDataPoint {
public:

    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_top_left() const = 0;
    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_bottom_right() const = 0;
    virtual std::string get_image_filename() const = 0;

    virtual ~STFDataPoint() = 0;
};
inline STFDataPoint::~STFDataPoint() {}


class TrainingDataPoint : public STFDataPoint{
private:
    int row;
    int col;
    std::string class_label;
    ImagePoint patch_top_left;
    ImagePoint patch_bottom_right;
    std::string image_filename;
public:
    TrainingDataPoint(int row, int col, std::string class_label, 
            const ImagePoint & top_left, 
            const ImagePoint & bottom_right, 
            std::string image_filename);

    std::string get_class_label() const;

    inline bool operator==(const TrainingDataPoint& other) const{
        return other.class_label == this->class_label;
    }
    inline bool operator!=(const TrainingDataPoint& other) const{
        return !(*this == other);
    }

    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_top_left() const;
    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_bottom_right() const;
    virtual std::string get_image_filename() const;

};

我正在尝试运行以下命令:

bool do_something(vector<STFDataPoint>& data_point){
    return true;
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    ImagePoint left = ImagePoint(2,3);
    ImagePoint right = ImagePoint(2,3);

    TrainingDataPoint a = TrainingDataPoint(1,2,"",left, right, "");
    vector<TrainingDataPoint> b;
    b.push_back(a);

    do_something(b);
}

但是得到如下错误:

invalid initialization of reference of type ‘std::vector<STFDataPoint>&’ from expression of type `std::vector<TrainingDataPoint>`

但是，如果我更改 do_something() 的签名以接收 STFDataPoint(不是它们的 vector )，它运行良好。有人可以解释为什么会这样吗，以及是否有解决方法？

谢谢

Answer 1

自 vector<TrainingDataPoint>不是 vector<STFDataPoint> 的子类型你不可以做这个。 vector 不是 covariant在参数类型中。

但是你可以模板do_something使其工作:

template <typename T>
bool do_something(vector<T>& data_point){
   //common actions like
   ImagePoint leftPatch = data_point[0].get_patch_top_left();
   return true;
}