c++ - C++ 套接字连接中的 OpenSSL(HTTPS 客户端)

Question

我写了一个脚本，它可以创建到 HTTP 服务器的连接并在控制台中显示网站的内容。非常简单。

但我想连接到 https 服务器并执行相同的过程。我在谷歌上搜索，但没有找到我搜索的内容。

请帮助我并给我一个教程，我可以使用 openssl 库。

我在openssl库上自己试了一下，但是这个库很复杂，很难理解。

这是我的http客户端代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <openssl/ssl.h>

using namespace std;

int sock;
struct sockaddr_in client;
int PORT = 80;

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    bzero(&client, sizeof(client));
    client.sin_family = AF_INET;
    client.sin_port = htons( PORT );
    client.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("172.16.0.6");

    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    if (sock < 0) {
        cout << "Error creating socket." << endl;
        exit(1);
    }

    if ( connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, sizeof(client)) < 0 ) {
        close(sock);
        cout << "Could not connect" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }

    stringstream ss;
    ss << "GET /" << "\r\n"
    << "Host: 172.16.1.4\r\n"
    << "Accept: application/json\r\n"
    << "Connection: close"
    << "\r\n\r\n";
    string request = ss.str();

    if (send(sock, request.c_str(), request.length(), 0) != (int)request.length()) {
        cout << "Error sending request." << endl;
        exit(1);
    }

    char cur;
    while ( read(sock, &cur, 1) > 0 ) {
        cout << cur;
    }

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

这是一个连接到 https://about.google/intl/en/ 的示例 SSL 客户端并打印下载的页面:SSLClient.cpp

//============================================================================
// Name        : SSLClient.cpp
// Compiling   : g++ -c -o SSLClient.o SSLClient.cpp
//               g++ -o SSLClient SSLClient.o -lssl -lcrypto
//============================================================================
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;
    
SSL *ssl;
int sock;
    
int RecvPacket()
{
    int len=100;
    char buf[1000000];
    do {
        len=SSL_read(ssl, buf, 100);
        buf[len]=0;
        printf("%s\n",buf);
//        fprintf(fp, "%s",buf);
    } while (len > 0);
    if (len < 0) {
        int err = SSL_get_error(ssl, len);
    if (err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ)
            return 0;
        if (err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE)
            return 0;
        if (err == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN || err == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL || err == SSL_ERROR_SSL)
            return -1;
    }
}
    
int SendPacket(const char *buf)
{
    int len = SSL_write(ssl, buf, strlen(buf));
    if (len < 0) {
        int err = SSL_get_error(ssl, len);
        switch (err) {
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
            return 0;
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
            return 0;
        case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
        case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
        case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
        default:
            return -1;
        }
    }
}
    
void log_ssl()
{
    int err;
    while (err = ERR_get_error()) {
        char *str = ERR_error_string(err, 0);
        if (!str)
            return;
        printf(str);
        printf("\n");
        fflush(stdout);
    }
}
    
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int s;
    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (s < 0) {
        printf("Error creating socket.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    struct sockaddr_in sa;
    memset (&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
    sa.sin_family      = AF_INET;
    sa.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("173.194.222.139"); // address of google.ru
    sa.sin_port        = htons (443); 
    socklen_t socklen = sizeof(sa);
    if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, socklen)) {
        printf("Error connecting to server.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    SSL_library_init();
    SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
    SSL_load_error_strings();
    const SSL_METHOD *meth = TLSv1_2_client_method();
    SSL_CTX *ctx = SSL_CTX_new (meth);
    ssl = SSL_new (ctx);
    if (!ssl) {
        printf("Error creating SSL.\n");
        log_ssl();
        return -1;
    }
    sock = SSL_get_fd(ssl);
    SSL_set_fd(ssl, s);
    int err = SSL_connect(ssl);
    if (err <= 0) {
        printf("Error creating SSL connection.  err=%x\n", err);
        log_ssl();
        fflush(stdout);
        return -1;
    }
    printf ("SSL connection using %s\n", SSL_get_cipher (ssl));
    
    char *request = "GET https://about.google/intl/en/ HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n";       
    SendPacket(request);
    RecvPacket();
    return 0;
}

请注意，如果您想使用 openssl 在客户端和服务器之间交换数据，您可能需要按照文档中的描述处理错误代码 SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ 和 SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE。但这里没有必要，因为 HTTPS 协议(protocol)是串行的。