c++ - 基于范围的循环中的 const 引用不起作用

Question

我认为您可以在 C++11 中基于范围的 for 循环中使用 const 引用，但是当我使用 g++ 编译此代码时:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <unordered_map>

int main() {
    std::vector<std::unordered_map<std::string, int> > coordinates {
        {{"x", 50}, {"y", 50}},
        {{"x", 25}, {"y", 75}},
        {{"x", 326}, {"y", 412}},
    };
    for(const auto& i : coordinates) {
        std::cout << "{\"x\" : " << i["x"] << ", \"y\" : " << i["y"] << "}\n";
    }
}

我收到这个错误:

const_error.cc:13:38: error: no viable overloaded operator[] for type 'const
      std::__1::unordered_map<std::__1::basic_string<char>, int,
      std::__1::hash<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::equal_to<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const std::__1::basic_string<char>,
      int> > >'
        std::cout << "{\"x\" : " << i["x"] << ", \"y\" : " << i["y"] << "}\n";
                                    ~^~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/unordered_map:1131:18: note: 
      candidate function not viable: 'this' argument has type 'const
      std::__1::unordered_map<std::__1::basic_string<char>, int,
      std::__1::hash<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::equal_to<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const std::__1::basic_string<char>,
      int> > >', but method is not marked const
    mapped_type& operator[](const key_type& __k);
                 ^
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/unordered_map:1133:18: note: 
      candidate function not viable: 'this' argument has type 'const
      std::__1::unordered_map<std::__1::basic_string<char>, int,
      std::__1::hash<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::equal_to<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const std::__1::basic_string<char>,
      int> > >', but method is not marked const
    mapped_type& operator[](key_type&& __k);
                 ^
const_error.cc:13:64: error: no viable overloaded operator[] for type 'const
      std::__1::unordered_map<std::__1::basic_string<char>, int,
      std::__1::hash<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::equal_to<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const std::__1::basic_string<char>,
      int> > >'
        std::cout << "{\"x\" : " << i["x"] << ", \"y\" : " << i["y"] << "}\n";
                                                              ~^~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/unordered_map:1131:18: note: 
      candidate function not viable: 'this' argument has type 'const
      std::__1::unordered_map<std::__1::basic_string<char>, int,
      std::__1::hash<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::equal_to<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const std::__1::basic_string<char>,
      int> > >', but method is not marked const
    mapped_type& operator[](const key_type& __k);
                 ^
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/unordered_map:1133:18: note: 
      candidate function not viable: 'this' argument has type 'const
      std::__1::unordered_map<std::__1::basic_string<char>, int,
      std::__1::hash<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::equal_to<std::__1::basic_string<char> >,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const std::__1::basic_string<char>,
      int> > >', but method is not marked const
    mapped_type& operator[](key_type&& __k);
                 ^

但是当我从基于范围的 for 循环中删除 const 时，它工作得很好。为什么我的代码无法使用 const 引用正常编译？

Answer 1

operator[] 不是常量。如果键不存在，它会向该键添加一个值对象。

使用unordered_map::at相反。