ios - SwiftUI 中的属性 `@EnvironmentObject` 是什么意思？

Question

正如您在 official tutorial project 中看到的那样，在 var 之前放置了这个奇怪的 @EnvironmentObject。什么意思？

struct LandmarkDetail: View {
    @EnvironmentObject var userData: UserData
    var landmark: Landmark

    var landmarkIndex: Int {
        userData.landmarks.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == landmark.id })!
    }
    // ...
}

Answer 1

例如，这是出于网络目的。您有一个符合 BindableObject(Beta 5:ObservableObject)的类并通过 PassthroughSubject(Beta 5:@Published) 你的数据。

例如这个案例:

SwiftUI (1.0)

struct Course: Decodable {
    let name: String
}

class NetworkManager: ObservableObject {

    @Published var courses = [Course]()

    func getAllCourses() {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.letsbuildthatapp.com/jsondecodable/courses") else { return }
        URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
            do {
                let courses = try JSONDecoder().decode([Course].self, from: data!)
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self.courses = courses
                }
            } catch {
                print("Failed To decode: ", error)
            }
        }.resume() // VERY IMPORTANT! As the request won't run
    }
}

struct ContentView : View {
    @ObservedObject var networkManager: NetworkManager = NetworkManager()
    // Or this
    // @EnvironmentObject var networkManager: NetworkManager // Don't forget to instaniate it with .environmentObject()

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Button(action: {
                self.networkManager.getAllCourses()
            }, label: {
                Text("Get All Courses")
            })

            List(networkManager.courses, id: \.name) {
                Text($0.name)
            }
        }
    }
}

测试版

struct Course: Decodable {
    let name: String
}

class NetworkManager: BindableObject {
    let didChange = PassthroughSubject<NetworkManager, Never>()

    var courses = [Course]() {
        didSet {
            didChange.send(self)
        }
    }

    func getAllCourses() {
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.letsbuildthatapp.com/jsondecodable/courses") else { return }
        URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
            do {
                let courses = try JSONDecoder().decode([Course].self, from: data!)
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self.courses = courses
                }
            } catch {
                print("Failed To decode: ", error)
            }
        }.resume() // VERY IMPORTANT! As the request won't run
    }
}

struct ContentView : View {
    @EnvironmentObject var networkManager: NetworkManager

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Button(action: {
                self.networkManager.getAllCourses()
            }, label: {
                Text("Get All Courses")
            })

            List(networkManager.courses.identified(by: \.name)) {
                Text($0.name)
            }
        }
    }
}