php - Mysql - 每天、每月、每年和总数的计数器 Web 访问的 SQL 查询

Question

我正在制作一个系统来计算我网站的访问量，然后将其显示在图表类型上。

例如，我想通过以下方式获得所有访问:

1. Total web visitors today

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE DATE_FORMAT(create_at, '%Y-%m-%d') = CURDATE()) 作为 total_today

2. Total visits web for an hour

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 HOUR)) 作为 total_before_hours

3. Total site visits yesterday

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY)) AS total_yesterday

4. Total visits site of the week

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE YEARWEEK(create_at, 1) = YEARWEEK(CURDATE(), 1)) 作为 total_week

5. Total visits website last week

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) 作为 total_last_weekend

6. Total site visits Month

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE MONTH(create_at) = MONTH(NOW())) 作为 total_month

7. Total visits Web last month

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH)) 作为 total_last_month

8. Total Web visits all year

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE YEAR(create_at) = YEAR(CURDATE())) 作为 total_year

我在一个 MySql 表中注册访问网站，我想得到这个表在指定时间段内收到的所有访问不同 IP 的网站，我已经与函数 MySql [DATE_SUB] 进行了多次协商，因为不得不改变几次查询:

这些是我为所有访问所做的查询:

SELECT 
COUNT(DISTINCT ip) AS total,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at  >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 HOUR)) AS total_before_hours,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE DATE_FORMAT(create_at, '%Y-%m-%d') = CURDATE()) AS total_today,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at  >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY)) AS total_yesterday,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE YEARWEEK(`create_at`, 1) = YEARWEEK(CURDATE(), 1)) AS total_week,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at  >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 WEEK)) AS total_last_weekend,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE MONTH(`create_at`) = MONTH(NOW())) AS total_month,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE create_at  >= DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH)) AS total_last_month,
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip) FROM visits_website WHERE YEAR(`create_at`) = YEAR(CURDATE())) AS total_year
FROM visits_website

我想知道以下内容:

1. 是这些优化的mysql查询和制作这个系统的最好方法吗？
2. 这是一个很好的开发实践，表中需要更多的索引。

表代码:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `visits_website` (
    `id` BIGINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `ip` VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
    `browser_short` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
    `browser_long` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `create_at` DATETIME NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    INDEX `FK_visits_website` (`ip`)
)Engine=InnoDB;

INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('1', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-31 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('2', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-31 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('3', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-31 19:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('4', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-31 19:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('5', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-31 18:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('6', 'ip3', 'ip3', '', '2016-08-31 18:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('7', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-31 17:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('8', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-31 17:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('9', 'ip3', 'ip3', '', '2016-08-31 16:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('10', 'ip4', 'ip4', '', '2016-08-31 16:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('11', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('12', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('13', 'ip3', 'ip3', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('14', 'ip4', 'ip4', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('15', 'ip5', 'ip5', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('16', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('17', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('18', 'ip3', 'ip3', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('19', 'ip4', 'ip4', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('20', 'ip5', 'ip5', '', '2016-08-30 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('21', 'ip6', 'ip6', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('22', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('23', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('24', 'ip3', 'ip3', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('25', 'ip4', 'ip4', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('26', 'ip5', 'ip5', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('27', 'ip6', 'ip6', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('28', 'ip7', 'ip7', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('29', 'ip1', 'ip1', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');
INSERT INTO `visits_website` VALUES ('30', 'ip2', 'ip2', '', '2016-08-29 20:30:00');

非常感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

这是一个很长的问题。关于这种基于 DATETIME 的摘要生成的一个关键建议:Make your queries sargable -- make them able to use an index.

例如:

 SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip)
   FROM visits_website
  WHERE MONTH(create_at) = MONTH(NOW()  /* Slow! */

不可优化搜索，因为它将函数 (MONTH()) 应用于表中的列。 MySQL 将必须检查表的每一行 以满足此查询。那将是slooooow。而是试试这个，以查找本月的所有访问。

 SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ip)
   FROM visits_website
  WHERE create_at >= LAST_DAY(NOW()) + INTERVAL 1 DAY - INTERVAL 1 MONTH
    AND create_at < LAST_DAY(NOW()) + INTERVAL 1 DAY

之所以可行，是因为它会搜索从本月初到但不包括下月初的一系列 DATETIME 值。

然后，创建一个 compound covering index在 (create_at, ip) 上，您的查询应该运行良好。 MySQL可以扫描它需要的索引范围。

请注意，这对 TIMESTAMP 数据也适用。