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java - notify() 表现得像 notifyAll()

转载 作者：搜寻专家 更新时间：2023-10-30 21:18:48 26 4
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我有一个计算器线程计算从 1 到 50 的数字总和，还有多个读取器线程在计算器线程准备好后显示结果。我可以选择调用 notify() 和 notifyAll() 来通知 Reader 线程计算结果已准备好显示。在 Calculator 类的 LINE B 中，如果我调用 notifyAll() 方法，结果将按预期打印 4 次。但是当我用 notify() 替换 LINE B 时，我仍然看到打印了 4 次的结果，这似乎不正确。据我了解，notify() 只会唤醒正在等待的线程之一，而不是全部。为什么当我调用 notify 时所有线程都被唤醒并打印结果？

public class ThreadWaitNotify {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator c = new Calculator();
        Reader r = new Reader(c);
        Reader r2 = new Reader(c);
        Reader r3 = new Reader(c);
        Reader r4 = new Reader(c);

        r.start();
        r2.start();
        r3.start();
        r4.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        c.start();
    }

}

读者类:

class Reader extends Thread {

    Calculator c;

    public Reader(Calculator c) {
        this.c = c;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (c) {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Waiting for calculations: ");
                c.wait();    // LINE A
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Total: " + c.getSum());
        }
    }
}

计算器类:

class Calculator extends Thread {

    private int sum = 0;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (this) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
                sum += i;
            }
            notify();  // LINE B
        }
    }

    public int getSum() {
        return sum;
    }
}

输出:

Thread-1 Waiting for calculations: 
Thread-4 Waiting for calculations: 
Thread-3 Waiting for calculations: 
Thread-2 Waiting for calculations: 
Thread-1 Total: 1275
Thread-2 Total: 1275
Thread-3 Total: 1275
Thread-4 Total: 1275

======================

更新:使用对象作为监视器/锁而不是 Thread 实例会产生正确的行为。

更新的 ThreadWaitNotify 类:

public class ThreadWaitNotify {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object monitor = new Object();
        Calculator c = new Calculator(monitor);
        Reader r = new Reader(c, monitor);
        Reader r2 = new Reader(c, monitor);
        Reader r3 = new Reader(c, monitor);
        Reader r4 = new Reader(c, monitor);

        r.start();
        r2.start();
        r3.start();
        r4.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        c.start();
    }

}

更新的读者类:

class Reader extends Thread {

    Calculator c;
    Object monitor;

    public Reader(Calculator c, Object monitor) {
        this.c = c;
        this.monitor = monitor;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (monitor) {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Waiting for calculations: ");
                monitor.wait();   // LINE A
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Total: " + c.getSum());
        }
    }
}

更新的计算器类:

class Calculator extends Thread {

    private int sum = 0;
    Object monitor;

    public Calculator(Object monitor) {
        this.monitor = monitor;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (monitor) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
                sum += i;
            }
            monitor.notify();       // LINE B
        }
    }

    public int getSum() {
        return sum;
    }
}

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