Python tarfile 和排除

Question

这是 Python 文档的摘录:

If exclude is given it must be a function that takes one filename argument and returns a boolean value. Depending on this value the respective file is either excluded (True) or added (False).

我必须承认我不知道那是什么意思。

此外:

Deprecated since version 2.7: The exclude parameter is deprecated, please use the filter parameter instead. For maximum portability, filter should be used as a keyword argument rather than as a positional argument so that code won’t be affected when exclude is ultimately removed.

好的...以及“过滤器”的定义:

If filter is specified it must be a function that takes a TarInfo object argument and returns the changed TarInfo object. If it instead returns None the TarInfo object will be excluded from the archive.

...回到原点:)

我真正需要的是一种将排除数组(或“:”分隔字符串)传递给 tarfile.add 的方法。

如果你试图解释 PyDocs 中的那些段落是什么，我不介意。

附言:

这只是我的想法:

• 制作源目录内容列表的数组
• 弹出排除
• 对剩余的单个数组成员执行 tar.add

但是，我希望以更文明的方式完成

Answer 1

If exclude is given it must be a function that takes one filename argument and returns a boolean value. Depending on this value the respective file is either excluded (True) or added (False).

例如，如果您想排除所有以字母 'a' 开头的文件名，您可以这样做...

def exclude_function(filename):
    if filename.startswith('a'):
        return True
    else:
        return False

mytarfile.add(..., exclude=exclude_function)

对于您的情况，您需要类似...

EXCLUDE_FILES = ['README', 'INSTALL', '.cvsignore']

def exclude_function(filename):
    if filename in EXCLUDE_FILES:
        return True
    else:
        return False

mytarfile.add(..., exclude=exclude_function)

...可以简化为...

EXCLUDE_FILES = ['README', 'INSTALL', '.cvsignore']

mytarfile.add(..., exclude=lambda x: x in EXCLUDE_FILES)

更新

TBH，我不会太担心弃用警告，但如果你想使用新的 filter 参数，你需要类似...

EXCLUDE_FILES = ['README', 'INSTALL', '.cvsignore']

def filter_function(tarinfo):
    if tarinfo.name in EXCLUDE_FILES:
        return None
    else:
        return tarinfo

mytarfile.add(..., filter=filter_function)

...可以简化为...

EXCLUDE_FILES = ['README', 'INSTALL', '.cvsignore']

mytarfile.add(..., filter=lambda x: None if x.name in EXCLUDE_FILES else x)