python - 在一个 Django View 中组合两种形式

Question

我正在努力为 Django 官方教程中制作的投票应用程序添加更多功能。我正在做的一件事是让登录的用户可以创建民意调查/选择(而不是在管理屏幕中，教程留给我们的地方)。

我希望创建一个 View ，用户可以在其中创建投票，然后还包括一些与投票相关联的选项。 Django 管理员会自动执行此操作，但我不确定如何在 View 中将其写出来。

首先，这些是我的相关文件:

模型.py

import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone


class Poll(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = 'Published recently?'

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.choice_text

表单.py

from django import forms
from .models import Poll, Choice
from datetime import datetime

class PollForm(forms.ModelForm):
    question_text = forms.CharField(max_length=200, help_text="Please enter the question.")
    pub_date = forms.DateTimeField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), initial = datetime.now())

    class Meta:
        model = Poll
        fields = ("__all__")

class ChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
    choice_text = forms.CharField(max_length=200, help_text="Please enter choices.")
    votes = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(),initial=0)
    exclude = ('poll',)

View .py

def add_poll(request):
    # A HTTP POST?
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = PollForm(request.POST)

        # Have we been provided with a valid form?
        if form.is_valid():
            # Save the new category to the database.
            form.save(commit=True)

            # Now call the index() view.
            # The user will be shown the homepage.
            return render(request, 'polls/index.html', {})
        else:
            # The supplied form contained errors - just print them to the terminal.
            print form.errors
    else:
        # If the request was not a POST, display the form to enter details.
        form = PollForm()

    # Bad form (or form details), no form supplied...
    # Render the form with error messages (if any).
    return render(request, 'polls/add_poll.html', {'form': form})

目前，我的 View 允许我的用户添加投票。我只是不确定如何调整它以将输入的文本作为 Poll 模型的 question_text 传递给 Choice 模型，然后传递给 ChoiceForm。

Answer 1

Formsets是在 django 中做到这一点的方法。

首先为 Poll.pub_date 字段添加 default 值:

class Poll(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published', default=timezone.now)

然后让表单更简单一些:

class PollForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Poll
        fields = ('question_text', )

class ChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Choice
        fields = ('choice_text',)

为您的 View 添加表单集支持:

from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory

def add_poll(request):
    ChoiceFormSet = formset_factory(ChoiceForm, extra=3,
                                    min_num=2, validate_min=True)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = PollForm(request.POST)
        formset = ChoiceFormSet(request.POST)
        if all([form.is_valid(), formset.is_valid()]):
            poll = form.save()
            for inline_form in formset:
                if inline_form.cleaned_data:
                    choice = inline_form.save(commit=False)
                    choice.question = poll
                    choice.save()
            return render(request, 'polls/index.html', {})
    else:
        form = PollForm()
        formset = ChoiceFormSet()

    return render(request, 'polls/add_poll.html', {'form': form,
                                                   'formset': formset})

最后是你的模板:

<form method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <table>
        {{ form }}
        {{ formset }}
    </table>

    <button>Add</button>

</form>