Python tkinter.filedialog askfolder 干扰 clr

Question

我主要在 Spyder 中工作，构建需要弹出文件夹或文件浏览窗口的脚本。

下面的代码在 spyder 中运行完美。在 Pycharm 中，askopenfilename 运行良好，而 askdirectory 什么都不做(卡住了)。但是，如果在 Debug模式下运行 - 脚本运行良好。我尝试从 SAS jsl 运行脚本 - 同样的问题。

知道我该怎么做吗？Python 3.6Pycharm 2017.2

谢谢。

我使用的代码包括:

import clr #pythonnet 2.3.0
import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import (askdirectory,askopenfilename)

root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
PPath=askdirectory(title="Please select your installation folder location", initialdir=r"C:\Program Files\\")

t="Please select jdk file"
if os.path.exists(os.path.expanduser('~\Documents')):
    FFile = askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t, initialdir=os.path.expanduser('~\Documents'))
else:
    FFile= askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t)

sys.path.append(marsDllPath)
a = clr.AddReference('MatlabFunctions')
aObj = a.CreateInstance('Example.MatlabFunctions.MatLabFunctions')

编辑:似乎是与 pythonnet“imoprt clr”相关的问题，但我在代码中确实需要它。

此处提出类似问题:https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet/issues/648

Answer 1

你的问题很一般，虽然不是很明显。问题不在 tinker 或 pythonnet 中，它源于 COM 线程模型。

首先，由于您正在使用 clr，让我们尝试直接使用对话框(并非绝对需要导入 tinker 模块):

#   importing pythonnet
import clr

#   adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#   clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog

#   creating instances of dialogs
folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()

#   try to show any of them
folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
file_dialog.ShowDialog()

如您所见，它就像您的情况一样挂起。原因，如上所述，源于线程的单元状态( [1] , [2] )。

因此，clr 隐式将此状态设置为 MTA(多线程单元)，可以通过 CoGetApartmentType 进行测试。功能:

#   importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
get_apartment = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoGetApartmentType

#   comment/uncomment this import to see the difference
#   import clr

apt_type = ctypes.c_uint(0)
apt_qualifier = ctypes.c_uint(0)

if get_apartment(ctypes.byref(apt_type), ctypes.byref(apt_qualifier)) == 0:
    #   APPTYPE enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms693793(v=vs.85).aspx
    #   APTTYPEQUALIFIER enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd542638(v=vs.85).aspx
    print('APTTYPE = %d\tAPTTYPEQUALIFIER = %d' % (apt_type.value, apt_qualifier.value))
else:
    print('COM model not initialized!')

但是，许多较旧的 COM 对象(例如 shell 对话框)需要 STA 模式。可以找到关于这两种状态之间差异的很好解释 here或 there .

最后，解决方案:

1) 使用 STA 线程进行对话:

#   importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename

#   importing pythonnet
import clr

#   adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog

#   adding reference (if necessary) to Threading and importing Thread functionality
#clr.AddReference('System.Threading')
from System.Threading import Thread, ThreadStart, ApartmentState


#   WinForms thread function example
def dialog_thread():
    folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
    file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()

    folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
    file_dialog.ShowDialog()

#   Tk thread function example
def tk_dialog_thread():
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.withdraw()

    askdirectory()
    askopenfilename()

#   check again apartment state at start
current_state = Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState()
if current_state == ApartmentState.STA:
    print('Current state: STA')
elif current_state == ApartmentState.MTA:
    print('Current state: MTA')

#   start dialogs via CLR
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()

#   start dialogs via Tkinter
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(tk_dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()

2) 通过 CoInitialize 强制 STA 模式/CoInitializeEx在 CLR 为 MTA 这样做之前:

#   importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
co_initialize = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoInitialize

#   importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename

#   Force STA mode
co_initialize(None)

# importing pythonnet
import clr 

#   dialogs test
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()

askdirectory()
askopenfilename()