Python CSV写入文件在Excel中不可读(汉字)

Question

我正在尝试对中文文本进行文本分析。该程序在下面提供。我得到了带有不可读字符的结果，例如 滨烘暯镞ユ姤捐。如果我将输出文件 result.csv 更改为 result.txt，字符将正确为 人民日报社论。那么这有什么问题呢？我想不通。我尝试了几种方法，包括添加 decoder 和 encoder。

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import os
    import glob
    import jieba
    import jieba.analyse
    import csv
    import codecs  

    segList = []
    raw_data_path = 'monthly_raw_data/'
    file_name = ["201010", "201011", "201012", "201101", "201103", "201105", "201107", "201109", "201110", "201111", "201112", "201201", "201202", "201203", "201205", "201206", "201208", "201210", "201211"]

    jieba.load_userdict("customized_dict.txt")

    for name in file_name:
        all_text = ""
        multi_line_text = ""
        with open(raw_data_path + name + ".txt", "r") as file:
            for line in file:
                if line != '\n':
                    multi_line_text += line
            templist = multi_line_text.split('\n')
            for text in templist:
                all_text += text
            seg_list = jieba.cut(all_text,cut_all=False)
            temp_text = []
            for item in seg_list:
                temp_text.append(item.encode('utf-8'))

            stop_list = []
            with open("stopwords.txt", "r") as stoplistfile:
                for item in stoplistfile:
                    stop_list.append(item.rstrip('\r\n'))

            text_without_stopwords = []
            for word in temp_text:
                if word not in stop_list:
                    text_without_stopwords.append(word)

            segList.append(text_without_stopwords)


    with open("results/result.csv", 'wb') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerows(segList)

Answer 1

对于 UTF-8 编码，Excel 需要在文件开头写入一个 BOM(字节顺序标记)代码点，否则它将采用 ANSI 编码，这与区域设置有关。 U+FEFF 是 Unicode BOM。下面是一个可以在 Excel 中正确打开的示例:

#!python2
#coding:utf8
import csv

data = [[u'American',u'美国人'],
        [u'Chinese',u'中国人']]

with open('results.csv','wb') as f:
    f.write(u'\ufeff'.encode('utf8'))
    w = csv.writer(f)
    for row in data:
        w.writerow([item.encode('utf8') for item in row])

Python 3 使这更容易。使用 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig' 参数代替 'wb' 将直接接受 Unicode 字符串并自动写入 BOM :

#!python3
#coding:utf8
import csv

data = [['American','美国人'],
        ['Chinese','中国人']]

with open('results.csv','w',newline='',encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
    w = csv.writer(f)
    w.writerows(data)

还有一个第 3 方 unicodecsv 模块也使 Python 2 更易于使用:

#!python2
#coding:utf8
import unicodecsv

data = [[u'American',u'美国人'],
        [u'Chinese',u'中国人']]

with open('results.csv','wb') as f:
    w = unicodecsv.writer(f,encoding='utf-8-sig')
    w.writerows(data)