C++通过字符串构造类

Question

假设我有两个派生自同一个基类的类。我想根据命令行输入实例化一个新的类对象。我可以这样做:

#include <iostream>
#include "DerivedClass1.h"
#include "DerivedClass2.h"
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argv[1] == "DERIVED CLASS 1") {
        DerivedClass1 *myClass = new DerivedClass1(argv[2]);
        myClass->doSomething();
    } else if (argv[1] == "DERIVED CLASS 2") {
        DerivedClass2 *myClass = new DerivedClass2(argv[2]);
        myClass->doSomething();
    }
}

但我想知道是否有更优雅的方法来做到这一点。我正在考虑创建一个抽象类工厂，或者将字符串名称硬编码映射到类实例。一些限制

1) 我的基类是抽象的——它包含纯虚函数

2) 我只能调用参数化构造函数

Answer 1

工厂函数应该可以正常工作:

BaseClass* create(std::string const& type, std::string const& arg)
{
    // Could use a map or something instead if there are many alternatives
    if (type == "DERIVED CLASS 1")
        return new DerivedClass1(arg);
    else if (type == "DERIVED CLASS 2")
        return new DerivedClass2(arg);
    else
        return nullptr;  // Or throw an exception or something else
}

用作

BaseClass* ptr = create(argv[1], argv[2]);