c# - 在使用 [Import(AllowDefault = true)] 之前未调用 MEF [ImportingConstructor]

Question

我正在使用 MEF1 并遇到了一个奇怪的场景。

永远不会调用此构造函数:

[ImportingConstructor]
public LogViewModuleRoot(INavigationCommandManager navigationCommandManager,
                         ISettingsManager settingsManager,
                         IBusyService busyService)
{
    NavigationCommandManager = navigationCommandManager;
    SettingsManager = settingsManager;
    BusyService = busyService;
}

虽然在更改为此时使用正确的值调用构造函数:

[ImportingConstructor]
public LogViewModuleRoot(INavigationCommandManager navigationCommandManager,
                         ISettingsManager settingsManager,
                         [Import(AllowDefault = true)] IBusyService busyService)
{
    NavigationCommandManager = navigationCommandManager;
    SettingsManager = settingsManager;
    BusyService = busyService; // Properly hydrated - i.e. not null
}

通常，如果没有匹配的导出，则不会调用 ImportingConstructor，但如果没有匹配的导出，则当 AllowDefault 设置为 时，它将无法加载都是真的。

哪些问题可能导致此行为？

如果这与组合图中的循环依赖和 IBusyService 的构建时间有关，是否有工具可以找到问题的根源？

更新

似乎没有深层次的循环依赖。即使 IBusyService 的导出没有导入它自己的问题仍然存在。另请注意，导出的 IBusyService 实例早在此 ImportingConstructor 尝试运行之前就已加载。

附加信息

使用 MEFX Visualizer，这两种情况都表明没有合成问题，并且所有导入都满足。

这是 MEFX CompositionInfo 的输出:

[Part] ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger (ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger")

[Part] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager.ImportedModules (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule")
    [SatisfiedBy] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule") from: Debug.Module.ModuleRoot from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Debug.Module, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
    [Unsuitable] Logging.Module.LogConfigurationModuleRoot (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule") from: Logging.Module.LogConfigurationModuleRoot from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Logging.Module, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
    [Unsuitable] Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule") from: Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Logging.Module, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager..ctor (Parameter="moduleCatalog", ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleCatalog")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleCatalog
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager..ctor (Parameter="logger", ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.ILogger")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Logging.ILogger
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager..ctor (Parameter="exServiceLocator", ContractName="****.Modularity.IExtendedServiceLocator")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.IExtendedServiceLocator

[Part] ****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell (ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell..ctor (Parameter="navigationManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell..ctor (Parameter="logger", ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger (ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger") from: ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell..ctor (Parameter="locator", ContractName="****.Modularity.IExtendedServiceLocator")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.IExtendedServiceLocator
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ConsoleShell..ctor (Parameter="viewModel", ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel") from: ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

[Part] ****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation (ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation..ctor (Parameter="navigationManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation..ctor (Parameter="logger", ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger (ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger") from: ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation..ctor (Parameter="locator", ContractName="****.Modularity.IExtendedServiceLocator")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.IExtendedServiceLocator
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.****LegacyNavigation..ctor (Parameter="dataContext", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext") from: ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

[Part] ****.Modularity.Shells.KioskShell from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.KioskShell (ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.KioskShell")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.KioskShell..ctor (Parameter="navigationManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.KioskShell..ctor (Parameter="logger", ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger (ContractName="****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger") from: ****.Modularity.Logging.CallbackLogger from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.KioskShell..ctor (Parameter="dataContext", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext") from: ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

[Part] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationContext")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IBusyService")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel..ctor (Parameter="navigationCommandManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager
    [Unsuitable] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel..ctor (Parameter="menuCommandManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IMenuCommandManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IMenuCommandManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel..ctor (Parameter="applicationInformation", ContractName="****.Modularity.Shells.IApplicationInformation")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.IApplicationInformation
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel..ctor (Parameter="manager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager") from: ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel..ctor (Parameter="actionExecuter", ContractName="****.Modularity.IActionExecuter")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.IActionExecuter

[Part] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Export] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IMenuCommandManager")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="moduleManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager") from: ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
  [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="navigationManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

    [Part] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager")
      [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="moduleManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager") from: ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="navigationManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

    [Part] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuNavigationCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuNavigationCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuNavigationCommandManager")
      [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuNavigationCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="moduleManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager") from: ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuNavigationCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="navigationManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuNavigationCommandManager..ctor (Parameter="menuCommandManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IMenuCommandManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IMenuCommandManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.MenuCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

    [Part] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Framework.ViewModel.INavigationService")
      [Export] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.INavigationManager")
      [Import] ****.Modularity.Windows.Navigation.NavigationManager..ctor (Parameter="moduleManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Modules.IModuleManager") from: ****.Modularity.Modules.ModuleManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Mef, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

    [Part] Logging.Module.LogConfigurationModuleRoot from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Logging.Module, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] Logging.Module.LogConfigurationModuleRoot (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule")
      [Import] Logging.Module.LogConfigurationModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="logConfiguration", ContractName="Logging.ViewModel.Interfaces.ILogConfiguration")
        [SatisfiedBy] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel (ContractName="Logging.ViewModel.Interfaces.ILogConfiguration") from: Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Logging.ViewModel, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

    [Part] Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Logging.Module, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule")
      [Import] Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="navigationCommandManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager
        [Unsuitable] ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.INavigationCommandManager") from: ****.Modularity.Windows.Commanding.NavigationCommandManager from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Windows, Version=2.4.0.347, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Import] Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="settingsManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.ISettingsManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.ISettingsManager
      [Import] Logging.Module.LogViewModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="busyService", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IBusyService")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IBusyService") from: ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")

    [Part] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Logging.ViewModel, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel (ContractName="Logging.ViewModel.Interfaces.ILogConfiguration")
      [Import] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel..ctor (Parameter="viewModelManager", ContractName="****.Framework.ViewModel.ViewModelManager")
    [SatisfiedBy] ****.Framework.ViewModel.ViewModelManager

      [Import] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel..ctor (Parameter="settingsManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.ISettingsManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.ISettingsManager
      [Import] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel..ctor (Parameter="busyService", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IBusyService")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.IBusyService") from: ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Import] Logging.ViewModel.LogConfigurationViewModel..ctor (Parameter="actionExecuter", ContractName="****.Modularity.IActionExecuter")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.IActionExecuter

    [Part] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="Debug.Module, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Export] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot (ContractName="****.Modularity.IModule")
      [Import] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="container", ContractName="System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionContainer")
        [SatisfiedBy] System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionContainer
      [Import] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="catalogs", ContractName="System.ComponentModel.Composition.Primitives.ComposablePartCatalog")
        [SatisfiedBy] System.ComponentModel.Composition.Primitives.ComposablePartCatalog
      [Import] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="shell", ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel (ContractName="****.Modularity.Windows.Shell.IShellDataContext") from: ****.Modularity.Shells.ViewModel.ShellViewModel from: AssemblyCatalog (Assembly="****.Modularity.Shells, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null")
      [Import] Debug.Module.ModuleRoot..ctor (Parameter="settingsManager", ContractName="****.Modularity.ISettingsManager")
        [SatisfiedBy] ****.Modularity.ISettingsManager

Answer 1

由于 ShellViewModel 导出 IBusyService 而 LogViewModuleRoot 导入 IBusyService

您确实有一个预导出(即构造函数导入)周期:

ShellViewModel -> IModuleManager -> IModule(s) -> LogViewModuleRoot

AllowDefault=true 允许该循环中断，它不为 null 的原因是这些循环的构造顺序。它不是确定性的，并且在另一种情况下很可能为空，例如，如果您首先拉取 LogViewModuleRoot 对象。

打破循环并确保它始终被设置的最好方法可能是将 IBusyService 切换为 LogViewModuleRoot 上的属性导入。