c++ - 我的带有 SDL2 代码的 OpenGL 有什么问题？

Question

我无法绘制到我用下面编写的代码创建的窗口。

我所知道的是正确的:

• sdl2 初始化
• glew 初始化
• 创建窗口
• 上下文创建

我认为可能是问题所在:

• glsl 着色器，但它们编译成功。
• glVertexAttribPointer()
• 缺少函数调用？

我通过错误检查排除的内容:

• sdl初始化
• glew 初始化
• 创建窗口
• 上下文创建
• 顶点着色器编译
• 片段着色器编译
• 程序链接

注意:我已经内联编写了我的着色器 (glsl.h)。

主要.cpp

    #include <GL\glew.h>
    #include <SDL.h>
    #include <glm\glm.hpp>
    #include <iostream>
    #include "glsl.h"

    #define SDL_INIT_FAIL -1
    #define IMAGE_INIT_FAIL 0

    #define glsl(version, glsl) "#version " #version "\n" #glsl

    namespace glsl { namespace vs {
    //VERTEX SHADERS
    //=========================
    // simple VS
    //=========================
    constexpr GLchar * const simple = glsl(450 core, 
        layout(location = 0) in vec3 position;

        void main() {
            gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0f);
        }
        );

    } namespace fs {
    //FRAGMENT SHADERS
    //=========================
    // simple FS
    //=========================
    constexpr GLchar * const simple = glsl(450 core,
        out vec4 color;

        void main() {
            color = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        }       
        );

} }

    constexpr GLint image_Flags{ IMG_INIT_PNG | IMG_INIT_JPG };
    constexpr GLuint init_Flags{ SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_EVENTS },window_Flags{ SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE};
    constexpr GLchar * window_Title{ "Sprite Game with OpenGL" };
    constexpr GLint window_Width{ 1200 }, window_Height{ 740 }, window_PositionX{ SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED },
        window_PositionY{ SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED };

    int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {

        std::cout << glsl::vs::simple << std::endl << std::endl;

    std::cout << glsl::fs::simple << std::endl << std::endl;
    system("pause");

    if (SDL_Init(init_Flags) == SDL_INIT_FAIL) {
        std::cerr << "error init sdl" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 8);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 8);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 8);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_BUFFER_SIZE, 32);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 23);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 5);
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE);

    SDL_Window * window = nullptr;
    window = SDL_CreateWindow(window_Title, window_PositionX, window_PositionY, window_Width, window_Height, window_Flags);
    if (window == nullptr) {
         std::cerr << "error window is nullptr" << std::endl;
        SDL_Quit();
        return 4;
    }

    SDL_GLContext context = nullptr;
    context = SDL_GL_CreateContext(window);
    if (context == nullptr) {
        std::cerr << "error context is nullptr" << std::endl;
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        window = nullptr;
        SDL_Quit();
        return 5;
    }

    glewExperimental = true;

    GLenum glewError = glewInit();
    if (glewError != GLEW_OK) {
        std::cerr << "error glew init: " << glewGetErrorString(glewError) << std::endl;
        SDL_Quit();
        return 3;
    }
    std::cout << "OpenGL Version " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;

    struct Mouse
    {
        Uint32 mouseState = 0;
        GLint mx{ 0 }, my{ 0 };
    };
    struct Input {
        Mouse mouse;
        SDL_Event e;
        const Uint8 * keyState = nullptr;

    } input;
    struct Shader {
        GLuint program;
        GLuint vertexShader;
        GLuint fragmentShader;
    } shader;

    shader.vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(shader.vertexShader, 1, &glsl::vs::simple, NULL);
    glCompileShader(shader.vertexShader);

    GLint vertexCompilei;
    GLchar vsiInfo[512];
    glGetShaderiv(shader.vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &vertexCompilei);
    if (vertexCompilei == GL_FALSE) {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader.vertexShader, sizeof vsiInfo, NULL, vsiInfo);
        std::cerr << vsiInfo << std::endl;
    }

    shader.fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(shader.fragmentShader, 1, &glsl::fs::simple, NULL);
    glCompileShader(shader.fragmentShader);

    GLint fragmentCompilei;
    GLchar fsiInfo[512];
    glGetShaderiv(shader.fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &fragmentCompilei);
    if (fragmentCompilei == GL_FALSE) {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader.fragmentShader, sizeof fsiInfo, NULL, fsiInfo);
        std::cerr << fsiInfo << std::endl;
    }

    shader.program = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shader.program, shader.vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shader.program, shader.fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shader.program);

    GLint programLinki;
    GLchar programInfo[512];
    glGetProgramiv(shader.program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &programLinki);
    if (programLinki == GL_FALSE) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shader.program, sizeof programInfo, NULL, programInfo);
        std::cerr << programInfo << std::endl;
    }


    struct Object {
        GLuint VAO;
        GLuint VBO;
    } object;

    GLfloat vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
         0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f
    };

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &object.VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &object.VBO);

    glBindVertexArray(object.VAO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, object.VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof vertices, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof GLfloat * 3, (GLvoid*)0);

    glBindVertexArray(0);

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    do {
        glViewport(0, 0, window_Width, window_Height);
        glClearColor(0.3f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        glUseProgram(shader.program);
        glBindVertexArray(object.VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
        glBindVertexArray(0);
        glUseProgram(0);

        SDL_GL_SwapWindow(window);

        SDL_PollEvent(&input.e);
        input.keyState = SDL_GetKeyboardState(0);
        input.mouse.mouseState = SDL_GetMouseState(&input.mouse.mx, &input.mouse.my);
    } while (!input.keyState[SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE] && input.e.type != SDL_QUIT);


    glDeleteShader(shader.vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(shader.fragmentShader);
    glDeleteProgram(shader.program);
    SDL_GL_DeleteContext(context);
    context = nullptr;
    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
    window = nullptr;
    SDL_Quit();
    return 0;
    }

Answer 1

深度测试搞砸了。这是通过 注释掉代码直到它工作 的历史悠久的方法发现的。当然，当您调试黑屏错误时，这并不总是有效。

为什么会乱码？因为使用 glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); 似乎你粘贴错误并且没有清除深度缓冲区，因此后续三角形未通过默认深度测试(你启用深度测试很奇怪没有设置深度函数)。