c# - 具有通用存储库的 Activator.CreateInstance

Question

我正在尝试(我认为是)一个根据传递给方法的枚举创建存储库的工厂。看起来像这样:

存储库工厂

public class RepositoryFactory
{
    public IRepository<IEntity> GetRepository(FormTypes formType)
    {
        // Represents the IRepository that should be created, based on the form type passed
        var typeToCreate = formType.GetAttribute<EnumTypeAttribute>().Type;

        // return an instance of the form type repository
        IRepository<IEntity> type = Activator.CreateInstance(typeToCreate) as IRepository<IEntity>;

        if (type != null)
            return type;

        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("No repository found for {0}", nameof(formType)));
    }
}

IRepository

public interface IRepository <T>
    where T : class, IEntity
{
    bool Create(IEnumerable<T> entities);

    IEnumerable<T> Read();

    bool Update(IEnumerable<T> entities);

    bool Delete(IEnumerable<T> entities);
}

表单类型

public enum FormTypes
{
    [EnumType(typeof(Form64_9C2Repository))]
    Form64_9C2,

    [EnumType(typeof(Form64_9BaseRepository))]
    Form64_9Base
}

枚举扩展

public static class EnumExtensions
{

    /// <summary>
    /// Get the Enum attribute
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The attribute</typeparam>
    /// <param name="enumValue">The enum</param>
    /// <returns>The type to create</returns>
    public static T GetAttribute<T>(this System.Enum enumValue)
        where T : Attribute
    {
        FieldInfo field = enumValue.GetType().GetField(enumValue.ToString());
        object[] attribs = field.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(T), false);
        T result = default(T);

        if (attribs.Length > 0)
        {
            result = attribs[0] as T;
        }

        return result;
    }

}

Form64_9C2存储库

public class Form64_9C2Repository : IRepository<Form64_9C2>
{
    public bool Create(IEnumerable<Form64_9C2> entities)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    public bool Delete(IEnumerable<Form64_9C2> entities)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    public IEnumerable<Form64_9C2> Read()
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }

    public bool Update(IEnumerable<Form64_9C2> entities)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

实体

public interface IEntity { }

Form64_9C2( stub )

public class Form64_9C2 : IEntity { }

将其全部称为:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Repository Factory Example \n\n");

        Business.Factory.RepositoryFactory factory = new Business.Factory.RepositoryFactory();

        // Get a 64 9C2 repository
        var repo9c2 = factory.GetRepository(FormTypes.Form64_9C2);
        Console.WriteLine(repo9c2);
    }
}

我的问题是我的 type总是解析为 null .我期待得到 NotImplementedException , 但我得到的是 ArgumentException因为没有有效的 formType。

在实现 IRepository<T> 之前我的type/repository已成功创建(工作代码 here )，有什么想法吗？我才刚刚开始研究工厂、泛型等 - 所以如果我做错了什么，请提出建议!

Answer 1

您的代码无法正常工作的原因与此行无法编译的原因完全相同:

IRepository<IEntity> repo = new Form64_9C2Repository();

基本上IRepository<IEntity>与 IRepository<Form64_9C2> 不同即使Form64_9C2工具 IEntity .

如果 T 这可能有效IRepository 上的通用参数界面是 covariant :

public interface IRepository<out T> where T : class, IEntity
{
    IEnumerable<T> Read();    
}

但不幸的是，这意味着它只能作为方法的返回类型出现，而不能作为参数出现。这对你的 Update 是不行的, Delete和 Create方法。您当然可以定义这样的结构:

public interface IReadonlyRepository<out T> where T : class, IEntity
{
    IEnumerable<T> Read();    
}

public interface IRepository<T>: IReadonlyRepository<T> where T : class, IEntity
{
    bool Update(IEnumerable<T> entities);
    bool Delete(IEnumerable<T> entities);
    bool Create(IEnumerable<T> entities);
}

并拥有您的 GetRepository方法返回 IReadonlyRepository<IEntity> .

如果这对您不起作用，您将需要一个额外的参数来指定具体的实体类型，以便您执行正确的转换:

    public IRepository<TEntity> GetRepository<TEntity>(FormTypes formType) where TEntity: class, IEntity
    {
        // Represents the IRepository that should be created, based on the form type passed
        var typeToCreate = formType.GetAttribute<EnumTypeAttribute>().Type;

        // return an instance of the form type repository
        IRepository<TEntity> type = Activator.CreateInstance(typeToCreate) as IRepository<TEntity>;

        if (type != null)
            return type;

        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("No repository found for {0}", nameof(formType)));
    }
}

并且在调用时除了指定存储库类型之外还需要指定实体类型:

var repo9c2 = factory.GetRepository<Form64_9C2>(FormTypes.Form64_9C2);