c# - 我如何在插件之间进行通信？

Question

我有一个插件系统，我在其中使用 MarshalByRefObject 为每个插件创建独立域，因此用户可以重新加载他们认为合适的新版本，而无需关闭主应用程序。

现在我需要允许插件查看当前正在运行的插件，并可能启动/停止特定插件。

我知道如何从包装器发出命令，例如在下面的代码中:

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Security.Permissions;

namespace Wrapper
{
    public class RemoteLoader : MarshalByRefObject
    {
        private Assembly _pluginAassembly;
        private object _instance;
        private string _name;

        public RemoteLoader(string assemblyName)
        {
            _name = assemblyName;
            if (_pluginAassembly == null)
            {
                _pluginAassembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Load(assemblyName);
            }

            // Required to identify the types when obfuscated
            Type[] types;
            try
            {
                types = _pluginAassembly.GetTypes();
            }
            catch (ReflectionTypeLoadException e)
            {
                types = e.Types.Where(t => t != null).ToArray();
            }

            var type = types.FirstOrDefault(type => type.GetInterface("IPlugin") != null);
            if (type != null && _instance == null)
            {
                _instance = Activator.CreateInstance(type, null, null);
            }
        }
    
        public void Start()
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            ((IPlugin)_instance).OnStart();
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            ((IPlugin)_instance).OnStop(close);
        }
    }
}

然后我可以，例如:

var domain = AppDomain.CreateDomain(Name, null, AppSetup);
var assemblyPath = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
var loader = (RemoteLoader)Domain.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap(assemblyPath, typeof(RemoteLoader).FullName);
loader.Start();

当然以上只是一个恢复样本...

然后在我的包装器上我有如下方法:

bool Start(string name);
bool Stop(string name);

它基本上是一个包装器，用于从列表中发出特定插件的启动/停止，以及一个用于跟踪正在运行的插件的列表:

List<Plugin> Plugins

Plugin 只是一个简单的类，包含Domain、RemoteLoader 等信息。

我不明白的是，如何从插件内部实现以下目标。能够:

• 查看正在运行的插件列表
• 执行特定插件的启动或停止

或者如果这甚至可以通过 MarshalByRefObject 实现，因为插件是隔离的，否则我将不得不打开不同的通信路径来实现这一点？

为了赏金，我正在寻找上述描述的工作可验证示例......

Answer 1

首先让我们定义几个接口(interface):

// this is your host
public interface IHostController {
    // names of all loaded plugins
    string[] Plugins { get; }
    void StartPlugin(string name);
    void StopPlugin(string name);
}
public interface IPlugin {
    // with this method you will pass plugin a reference to host
    void Init(IHostController host);
    void Start();
    void Stop();                
}
// helper class to combine app domain and loader together
public class PluginInfo {
    public AppDomain Domain { get; set; }
    public RemoteLoader Loader { get; set; }
}

现在稍微重写了 RemoteLoader(对我来说没有用):

public class RemoteLoader : MarshalByRefObject {
    private Assembly _pluginAassembly;
    private IPlugin _instance;
    private string _name;

    public void Init(IHostController host, string assemblyPath) {
        // note that you pass reference to controller here
        _name = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(assemblyPath);
        if (_pluginAassembly == null) {
            _pluginAassembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Load(File.ReadAllBytes(assemblyPath));
        }

        // Required to identify the types when obfuscated
        Type[] types;
        try {
            types = _pluginAassembly.GetTypes();
        }
        catch (ReflectionTypeLoadException e) {
            types = e.Types.Where(t => t != null).ToArray();
        }

        var type = types.FirstOrDefault(t => t.GetInterface("IPlugin") != null);
        if (type != null && _instance == null) {
            _instance = (IPlugin) Activator.CreateInstance(type, null, null);
            // propagate reference to controller futher
            _instance.Init(host);
        }
    }

    public string Name => _name;
    public bool IsStarted { get; private set; }

    public void Start() {
        if (_instance == null) {
            return;
        }
        _instance.Start();
        IsStarted = true;
    }

    public void Stop() {
        if (_instance == null) {
            return;
        }
        _instance.Stop();
        IsStarted = false;
    }
}

还有一个主机:

// note : inherits from MarshalByRefObject and implements interface
public class HostController : MarshalByRefObject, IHostController {        
    private readonly Dictionary<string, PluginInfo> _plugins = new Dictionary<string, PluginInfo>();

    public void ScanAssemblies(params string[] paths) {
        foreach (var path in paths) {
            var setup = new AppDomainSetup();                
            var domain = AppDomain.CreateDomain(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path), null, setup);
            var assemblyPath = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
            var loader = (RemoteLoader) domain.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap(assemblyPath, typeof (RemoteLoader).FullName);
            // you are passing "this" (which is IHostController) to your plugin here
            loader.Init(this, path);                          
            _plugins.Add(loader.Name, new PluginInfo {
                Domain = domain,
                Loader = loader
            });
        }
    }

    public string[] Plugins => _plugins.Keys.ToArray();

    public void StartPlugin(string name) {
        if (_plugins.ContainsKey(name)) {
            var p = _plugins[name].Loader;
            if (!p.IsStarted) {
                p.Start();
            }
        }
    }

    public void StopPlugin(string name) {
        if (_plugins.ContainsKey(name)) {
            var p = _plugins[name].Loader;
            if (p.IsStarted) {
                p.Stop();
            }
        }
    }
}

现在让我们创建两个不同的程序集。他们每个人只需要引用接口(interface) IPlugin 和 IHostController。在第一个程序集中定义插件:

public class FirstPlugin : IPlugin {
    const string Name = "First Plugin";

    public void Init(IHostController host) {
        Console.WriteLine(Name + " initialized");
    }

    public void Start() {
        Console.WriteLine(Name + " started");
    }

    public void Stop() {
        Console.WriteLine(Name + " stopped");
    }
}

在第二个程序集中定义另一个插件:

public class FirstPlugin : IPlugin {
    const string Name = "Second Plugin";
    private Timer _timer;
    private IHostController _host;

    public void Init(IHostController host) {
        Console.WriteLine(Name + " initialized");
        _host = host;
    }

    public void Start() {
        Console.WriteLine(Name + " started");
        Console.WriteLine("Will try to restart first plugin every 5 seconds");
        _timer = new Timer(RestartFirst, null, 5000, 5000);
    }

    int _iteration = 0;
    private void RestartFirst(object state) {
        // here we talk with a host and request list of all plugins
        foreach (var plugin in _host.Plugins) {
            Console.WriteLine("Found plugin " + plugin);
        }
        if (_iteration%2 == 0) {
            Console.WriteLine("Trying to start first plugin");
            // start another plugin from inside this one
            _host.StartPlugin("Plugin1");
        }
        else {
            Console.WriteLine("Trying to stop first plugin");
            // stop another plugin from inside this one
            _host.StopPlugin("Plugin1");
        }
        _iteration++;
    }

    public void Stop() {
        Console.WriteLine(Name + " stopped");
        _timer?.Dispose();
        _timer = null;
    }
}

现在在托管所有插件的主 .exe 中:

static void Main(string[] args) {
    var host = new HostController();
    host.ScanAssemblies(@"path to your first Plugin1.dll", @"path to your second Plugin2.dll");                  
    host.StartPlugin("Plugin2");
    Console.ReadKey();
}

输出是:

First Plugin initialized
Second Plugin initialized
Second Plugin started
Will try to restart first plugin every 5 seconds
Found plugin Plugin1
Found plugin Plugin2
Trying to start first plugin
First Plugin started
Found plugin Plugin1
Found plugin Plugin1
Found plugin Plugin2
Trying to stop first plugin
Found plugin Plugin2
Trying to stop first plugin
First Plugin stopped
First Plugin stopped
Found plugin Plugin1
Found plugin Plugin2
Trying to stop first plugin