python - 带有 if 语句的 while 循环比 while 循环更快

Question

我正在对循环中 if 语句的速度及其对速度的影响进行一些测试。我发现 if 语句始终如一地提高了性能。我的代码:

import time
t = time.time

start = t()
x = 0
while x < 10000000:
    x += 1
time1 = t()
x = 0
while x < 10000000:
    x += 1
    if True:
        pass
time2 = t()

print(start)
print(time1 - start) # Time for simple while-loop
print(time2 - time1) # Time for while+if

示例输出为:

1355517837.993
1.7850000858306885
1.7209999561309814

这完全违反直觉。 while-if 循环的运行速度比标准的 while 循环快得多。几乎每次我运行它时都会发生这种情况；也许 20 次中有 1 次需要更长的时间。有谁知道为什么吗？

Answer 1

dis 表明 if 语句 while 循环还有更多的步骤。

In [4]: dis.dis(t2)
  2           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (0)
              3 STORE_FAST               0 (x)

  3           6 SETUP_LOOP              26 (to 35)
        >>    9 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             12 LOAD_CONST               2 (10000000)
             15 COMPARE_OP               0 (<)
             18 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE       34

  4          21 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             24 LOAD_CONST               3 (1)
             27 INPLACE_ADD
             28 STORE_FAST               0 (x)
             31 JUMP_ABSOLUTE            9
        >>   34 POP_BLOCK
        >>   35 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
             38 RETURN_VALUE

In [5]: dis.dis(t1)
  2           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (0)
              3 STORE_FAST               0 (x)

  3           6 SETUP_LOOP              35 (to 44)
        >>    9 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             12 LOAD_CONST               2 (10000000)
             15 COMPARE_OP               0 (<)
             18 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE       43

  4          21 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             24 LOAD_CONST               3 (1)
             27 INPLACE_ADD
             28 STORE_FAST               0 (x)

  5          31 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (True)
             34 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE        9

  6          37 JUMP_ABSOLUTE            9
             40 JUMP_ABSOLUTE            9
        >>   43 POP_BLOCK
        >>   44 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
             47 RETURN_VALUE