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C# 动态加载/卸载 DLL Redux(当然使用 AppDomain)

转载 作者:太空狗 更新时间:2023-10-29 22:23:18 24 4
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我已经阅读了与 Stack Overflow 上一样多的这个问题的不同版本,以及 3 个不同的 Google 搜索教程首页上的每个蓝色链接,以及 MSDN(有点浅执行程序集)。我只能想到我为让 Tao 成为一个好的测试用例所做的努力,但相信我,我已经尝试过一个简单的字符串返回、一个 double 、一个带参数的函数。无论我的问题是什么,都不是道。

基本上,我想在 GLPlugin 命名空间中创建我的 Draw 类的 testLibraryDomain.CreateInstance()

        if( usePlugin )
{
AppDomain testLibraryDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain( "TestGLDomain2" );

//What the heck goes here so that I can simply call
//the default constructor and maybe a function or two?

AppDomain.Unload( testLibraryDomain );
}
Gl.glBegin( Gl.GL_TRIANGLES );

我知道一个事实:

namespace GLPlugin
{
public class DrawingControl : MarshalByRefObject
{
public DrawingControl()
{
Gl.glColor3f( 1.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f );

//this is a test to make sure it passes
//to the GL Rendering context... success
}
}
}

确实改变了笔的颜色。当我给它一个 static void Main( string args[] ) 入口点并且我调用 testLibraryDomain.ExecuteAssembly( thePluginFilePath ) 时它起作用我很担心,因为我不确定 GL 调用是否会进入“顶级”AppDomain 的 OpenGL 上下文。它甚至让我可以覆盖程序集并再次更改笔颜色。不幸的是,给它一个可执行的入口点意味着弹出式控制台会打断我然后消失。当我在项目中简单地给它一个引用并创建一个常规的 GLPlugin.DrawingTool tool = new GLPlugin.DrawingControl(),甚至创建一个 someAssembly = Assembly.LoadFrom( thePluginFilePath )(当然不幸的是,这会锁定程序集,防止替换/重新编译)。

当使用我尝试过的各种方法中的任何一种时,我总是得到“给定的程序集名称或其代码库无效”。我保证,它是有效的。我尝试加载它的方式不是。

我知道我缺少的一件事是 testLibraryDomain.CreateInstance( string assemblyName , string typeName);

的正确设置

据我所知,assemblyName 参数不是程序集文件的文件路径。它是命名空间,还是只是程序集名称,即:GLPlugin?如果是这样,我在哪里引用实际文件?没有 someAppDomain.LoadFrom( someFilename ),但如果有的话会很方便。此外,Type 和 string typeName 到底是什么?我不想在这里输入 "Object" ,因为除了对象的实例之外没有创建类型吗?我也尝试过 CreateInstanceAndUnwrap( ... , ... ) ,但同样缺乏对 AppDomain 的基本了解。通常我可以通过教程蒙混过关并让事情正常进行,即使我经常不明白“为什么?”......这里不是这样。通常,查找六个不同的教程对我很有帮助……这里不再如此,但因为每个教程都采用了一种基本的(或看起来如此)方法。

所以请 ELI5... 我想从一个单独的 AppDomain 中的 dll 加载一个类的实例,也许运行一些函数,然后卸载它。最终将这些函数的列表创建为 List,根据需要删除/更新......我也希望能够将参数传递给它们,但这将是第 2 步。根据 StackOverflow,我必须了解 serializable 我将推迟到另一天。 (我想您将能够从我的示例中看出我正在尝试做什么。)

最佳答案

好的,我们必须澄清几件事。首先,如果您希望能够在不锁定文件 iteslf 的情况下将 dll 加载和卸载到不同的 AppDomain,也许您可​​以使用这样的方法:

AppDomain apd = AppDomain.CreateDomain("newdomain");
using(var fs = new FileStream("myDll.dll", FileMode.Open))
{
var bytes = new byte[fs.Length];
fs.Read(bytes, 0, bytes .Length);
Assembly loadedAssembly = apd.Load(bytes);
}

这样,您就不会锁定文件,您应该能够稍后卸载域,重新编译文件并稍后加载更新版本。但我不能 100% 确定这是否会破坏您的应用程序。

那是因为第二件事。如果您将使用 CreateInstanceAndUnwrap 方法,根据 MSDN,您必须在两个应用程序域中加载程序集 - 调用的应用程序域和调用的应用程序域。当您在 AppDomains 中加载了两个不同的 dll 时,这可能会结束。

The assembly that contains unwrapped class must be loaded into both application domains, but it can load other assemblies that exist only in the new application domain.

我现在不记得了,但我认为当您调用 CreateInstanceAndUnwrap 时,两个应用程序域中的对象创建行为会有所不同,但我不记得细节了。

对于您的插件架构,您可能需要阅读这篇博文。 About how to handle Dynamic Plugins using the AppDomain Class to Load and Unload Code

编辑

我忘记了这个 AppDomains 是如何工作的,我可能会引起一些困惑。我准备了一个简短的例子,说明“插件”架构是如何工作的。它与我之前在博客中描述的内容非常相似,这是我使用卷影复制的示例。如果出于某些原因您不想使用它,可以很容易地将其更改为使用 AppDomain.Load(byte[] bytes)

我们有 3 个程序集,第一个是基础插件程序集,它将作为代理工作,并将加载到所有 AppDomains(在我们的例子中 - 在主应用程序域和插件应用程序域中)。

namespace PluginBaseLib
{
//Base class for plugins. It has to be delivered from MarshalByRefObject,
//cause we will want to get it's proxy in our main domain.
public abstract class MyPluginBase : MarshalByRefObject
{
protected MyPluginBase ()
{ }

public abstract void DrawingControl();
}

//Helper class which instance will exist in destination AppDomain, and which
//TransparentProxy object will be used in home AppDomain
public class MyPluginFactory : MarshalByRefObject
{
//This method will be executed in destination AppDomain and proxy object
//will be returned to home AppDomain.
public MyPluginBase CreatePlugin(string assembly, string typeName)
{
Console.WriteLine("Current domain: {0}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
return (MyPluginBase) Activator.CreateInstance(assembly, typeName).Unwrap();
}
}

//Small helper class which will show how to call method in another AppDomain.
//But it can be easly deleted.
public class MyPluginsHelper
{
public static void LoadMyPlugins()
{
Console.WriteLine("----------------------");
Console.WriteLine("Loading plugins in following app domain: {0}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Load("SamplePlugin, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------");
}
}
}

这里我们将有另一个带有虚拟插件的程序集,名为 SamplePlugin.dll 并存储在“Plugins”文件夹下。它引用了 PluginBaseLib.dll

namespace SamplePlugin
{
public class MySamplePlugin : MyPluginBase
{
public MySamplePlugin()
{ }

public override void DrawingControl()
{
var color = Console.ForegroundColor;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
Console.WriteLine("----------------------");
Console.WriteLine("This was called from app domian {0}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName );
Console.WriteLine("I have following assamblies loaded:");
foreach (var assembly in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", assembly.GetName().Name);
}
Console.WriteLine("----------------------");
Console.ForegroundColor = color;
}
}
}

最后一个程序集(简单的控制台应用程序)将仅引用 PluginBaseLib.dll 和

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
//'Default implementation' which doesn't use any plugins. In this sample
//it just lists the assemblies loaded in AppDomain and AppDomain name itself.
public static void DrawControlsDefault()
{
Console.WriteLine("----------------------");
Console.WriteLine("No custom plugin, default app domain {0}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
Console.WriteLine("I have following assamblies loaded:");
foreach (var assembly in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", assembly.GetName().Name);
}
Console.WriteLine("----------------------");
}

class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Showing that we don't have any additional plugins loaded in app domain.
DrawControlsDefault();

var appDir = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
//We have to create AppDomain setup for shadow copying
var appDomainSetup = new AppDomainSetup
{
ApplicationName = "", //with MSDN: If the ApplicationName property is not set, the CachePath property is ignored and the download cache is used. No exception is thrown.
ShadowCopyFiles = "true",//Enabling ShadowCopy - yes, it's string value
ApplicationBase = Path.Combine(appDir,"Plugins"),//Base path for new app domain - our plugins folder
CachePath = "VSSCache"//Path, where we want to have our copied dlls store.
};
var apd = AppDomain.CreateDomain("My new app domain", null, appDomainSetup);

//Loading dlls in new appdomain - when using shadow copying it can be skipped,
//in CreatePlugin method all required assemblies will be loaded internaly,
//Im using this just to show how method can be called in another app domain.
//but it has it limits - method cannot return any values and take any parameters.

//apd.DoCallBack(new CrossAppDomainDelegate(MyPluginsHelper.LoadMyPlugins));

//We are creating our plugin proxy/factory which will exist in another app domain
//and will create for us objects and return their remote 'copies'.
var proxy = (MyPluginFactory) apd.CreateInstance("PluginBaseLib", "PluginBaseLib.MyPluginFactory").Unwrap();

//if we would use here method (MyPluginBase) apd.CreateInstance("SamplePlugin", "SamplePlugin.MySamplePlugin").Unwrap();
//we would have to load "SamplePlugin.dll" into our app domain. We may not want that, to not waste memory for example
//with loading endless number of types.
var instance = proxy.CreatePlugin("SamplePlugin", "SamplePlugin.MySamplePlugin");
instance.DrawingControl();

Console.WriteLine("Now we can recompile our SamplePlugin dll, replace it in Plugin directory and load in another AppDomain. Click Enter when you ready");
Console.ReadKey();

var apd2 = AppDomain.CreateDomain("My second domain", null, appDomainSetup);
var proxy2 = (MyPluginFactory)apd2.CreateInstance("PluginBaseLib", "PluginBaseLib.MyPluginFactory").Unwrap();
var instance2 = proxy2.CreatePlugin("SamplePlugin", "SamplePlugin.MySamplePlugin");
instance2.DrawingControl();

//Now we want to prove, that this additional assembly was not loaded to prmiary app domain.
DrawControlsDefault();

//And that we still have the old assembly loaded in previous AppDomain.
instance.DrawingControl();

//App domain is unloaded so, we will get exception if we try to call any of this object method.
AppDomain.Unload(apd);
try
{
instance.DrawingControl();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex);
}

Console.ReadKey();
}
}

影子复制似乎很方便。

关于C# 动态加载/卸载 DLL Redux(当然使用 AppDomain),我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13462525/

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