python - 无法使用 setup.py 安装 numpy

Question

我在 Python 2.7 上，我正在尝试使用 NLTK 词性标注器，它会生成此错误，因为我没有安装 numpy:

> Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/nltk/tag/__init__.py", line 99, in pos_tag
    tagger = load(_POS_TAGGER)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/nltk/data.py", line 605, in load
    resource_val = pickle.load(_open(resource_url))
ImportError: No module named numpy.core.multiarray

所以我从 here 下载了 numpy 1.7.0 ，将 cd 放入我的下载文件夹并安装 python setup.py 并出现此错误:

Running from numpy source directory.
non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'
F2PY Version 2
blas_opt_info:
  FOUND:
    extra_link_args = ['-Wl,-framework', '-Wl,Accelerate']
    define_macros = [('NO_ATLAS_INFO', 3)]
    extra_compile_args = ['-msse3', '-I/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers']

lapack_opt_info:
  FOUND:
    extra_link_args = ['-Wl,-framework', '-Wl,Accelerate']
    define_macros = [('NO_ATLAS_INFO', 3)]
    extra_compile_args = ['-msse3']

running install
running build
running config_cc
unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
running config_fc
unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build/src.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7
creating build/src.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/numpy
creating build/src.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/numpy/distutils
building library "npymath" sources
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize NAGFCompiler
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
Could not locate executable f77
customize IBMFCompiler
Could not locate executable xlf90
Could not locate executable xlf
customize IntelFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifc
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize PGroupFCompiler
Could not locate executable pgfortran
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'
C compiler: gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -O3

compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c'
gcc-4.2: _configtest.c
sh: gcc-4.2: command not found
sh: gcc-4.2: command not found
failure.
removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 214, in <module>
    setup_package()
  File "setup.py", line 207, in setup_package
    configuration=configuration )
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 186, in setup
    return old_setup(**new_attr)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/command/install.py", line 55, in run
    r = old_install.run(self)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/install.py", line 563, in run
    self.run_command('build')
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/command/build.py", line 37, in run
    old_build.run(self)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build.py", line 127, in run
    self.run_command(cmd_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 152, in run
    self.build_sources()
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 163, in build_sources
    self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 298, in build_library_sources
    sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
  File "/Users/mikaschiller/Downloads/numpy-1.7.0/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 385, in generate_sources
    source = func(extension, build_dir)
  File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 648, in get_mathlib_info
    raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program   

然后我尝试使用 sudo pip install -U numpy 安装它并得到相同的“无法链接简单的 C 程序”错误。我不知道这里发生了什么。 numpy 版本是否与 python 2.7 或 NLTK 不兼容？

Answer 1

该模块依赖于一个有效的 C 构建链。这取决于您的系统如何安装它，谷歌会在这种情况下提供帮助。

你可以看到它正在寻找 gcc:

sh: gcc-4.2: command not found

在基于 Debian 的 linux 上，您将安装它和 python 头文件(根据评论编辑):

sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev