python - Django Rest Framework 创建用户和用户配置文件

Question

我正在尝试创建将使用我的 API 创建新用户的 View 。我正在为我的用户使用自定义模型，并且还创建了一个名为 Profile 的模型来管理与身份验证无关的数据。

我是 Django 世界的新手，这可能相当困难。

这是我的模型.py

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, password=None):
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('User must have an email address')

        user = self.model(
            email = self.normalize_email(email),
        )
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save()
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password):
        user = self.create_user(email, password=password)
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save()
        return user


class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    objects = UserManager()
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True, db_index=True)
    created = models.DateTimeField('created', auto_now_add=True)
    modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    is_active = models.BooleanField('active', default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField('admin', default=False)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

    ordering = ('created',)

    def is_staff(self):
        return self.is_admin

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return True

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.email

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.email

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.email


class Profile(models.Model):
    GENDER = (
        ('M', 'Homme'),
        ('F', 'Femme'),
    )

    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=120, blank=False)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=120, blank=False)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GENDER)
    zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=5, validators=[MinLengthValidator(5)], blank=False)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'Profile of user: {0}'.format(self.user.email)


def create_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        Profile.objects.create(user=instance)
post_save.connect(create_profile, sender=User)


def delete_user(sender, instance=None, **kwargs):
    try:
        instance.user
    except User.DoesNotExist:
        pass
    else:
        instance.user.delete()
post_delete.connect(delete_user, sender=Profile)

这是我的serializers.py

class ProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('first_name', 'last_name', 'gender', 'zip_code',)


class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    profile = ProfileSerializer(required=True)
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url', 'email', 'profile', 'created',)

这是views.py

class UserList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticatedOrWriteOnly,)
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

    def get_queryset(self):
        if self.request.user.is_staff:
            return User.objects.all()
        else:
            return self.request.user

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = ProfileSerializer(data=request.data)
        print serializer.__dict__
        if serializer.is_valid():
            print "valid"
        return Response("placeholder", status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

我的目标是能够同时创建用户和配置文件，同时能够验证所有内容，我该如何实现？

Answer 1

确实，Django Rest Framework 无法处理嵌套关系的这项工作，因此您必须自己实现这些方法。我将举例说明您的代码应该是什么样子。

您的观点:

class UserList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticatedOrWriteOnly,)
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = UserSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

现在，您的序列化器的save 方法将在您想要创建对象时调用create 方法，并在您需要时调用update 方法更新对象。因此，让我们实现 UserSerializer 的 create 方法，它将创建配置文件和用户。这是您的 UserSerializer 应该是什么样子的简单示例:

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    profile = ProfileSerializer(required=True)
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url', 'email', 'profile', 'created',)

    def create(self, validated_data):

        # create user 
        user = User.objects.create(
            url = validated_data['url'],
            email = validated_data['email'],
            # etc ...
        )

        profile_data = validated_data.pop('profile')
        # create profile
        profile = Profile.objects.create(
            user = user
            first_name = profile_data['first_name'],
            last_name = profile_data['last_name'],
            # etc...
        )

        return user

正如我所说，这是一个例子，你必须完成它才能做你想做的事，但现在，你知道怎么做了:)要定义更新期间的行为，实现一个更新 方法。