Python 请求 urlencode 不起作用？

Question

编辑:我发现了问题。 #user_sex 中的 # 未通过 python 请求转换为 %23。有没有办法强制 python 请求将 # 转换为 %23 或者我只需要手动编写那部分代码？

我正在尝试制作 facebook fql 多查询。当我使用下面的 fql_url 时

fql_url = (
    'https://graph.facebook.com/fql?q='
    '{"user_sex":"SELECT sex FROM user WHERE uid=me()",'
    '"friends":"SELECT uid, name FROM user WHERE uid IN '
    '(SELECT uid2 FROM friend WHERE uid1 = me()) '
    'AND not (sex in (SELECT sex FROM #user_sex)) '
    ' ORDER BY name"}'
    '&access_token='+access_token
)

然后运行requests.get(fql_url)，返回的json是

{u'error': {
    u'code': 601,
    u'message': u"(#601) Parser error: unexpected '{' at position 0.",
    u'type': u'OAuthException'}
}

然而，当我手动编写 fql_url 时

fql_url = (
    'https://graph.facebook.com/fql?q=%7B%22'
    'user_sex%22:%22SELECT%20sex%20FROM%20user%20WHERE%20uid=me()%22,%22'
    'friends%22:%22SELECT%20uid,%20name%20FROM%20user%20WHERE%20uid%20IN%20'
    '(SELECT%20uid2%20FROM%20friend%20WHERE%20uid1%20=%20me())%20'
    'AND%20not%20(sex%20in%20(select%20sex%20from%20%23user_sex))%20%20'
    'ORDER%20BY%20name%22%7D&'
    'access_token='+access_token
)

一切正常(json 具有所需的数据)。

我已经比较了第一个 fql_url 和手工编码的 fql_url，两者应该会导致使用相同的 url 来获取 json。是请求 urlencode 不起作用还是我在这里做错了什么？

Answer 1

问题是，# 确实是 URL 中的有效字符。它表示片段部分。由于片段总是由用户代理解析，因此它永远不会发送到服务器。你可以试试这个:

>>> import urllib3
>>> urllib3.util.parse_url(fql_url)
Url(scheme='https', auth=None, host='graph.facebook.com', port=None, path='/fql',
    query='q={"user_sex":"SELECT sex FROM user WHERE uid=me()","friends":"SELECT uid, name FROM user WHERE uid IN (SELECT uid2 FROM friend WHERE uid1 = me()) AND not (sex in (SELECT sex FROM ',
    fragment='user_sex))  ORDER BY name"}')

如您所见，URL 的最后一部分最终被解析为片段。

编辑:

最方便的方法可能是让请求完成所有编码。

import requests
s = requests.Session()
s.params = {'access_token': 'foobarbaz'} # so you don't have to specify it every time
query = ('{"user_sex":"SELECT sex FROM user WHERE uid=me()",'
         '"friends":"SELECT uid, name FROM user WHERE uid IN '
         '(SELECT uid2 FROM friend WHERE uid1 = me()) '
         'AND not (sex in (SELECT sex FROM #user_sex)) '
         ' ORDER BY name"}')
s.get('https://graph.facebook.com/fql', params={'q': query})