python - pyodbc sql 包含 0 个参数标记，但提供了 1 个参数' 'hy000'

Question

我正在使用 Python 3.6、pyodbc，并连接到 SQL Server。

我正在尝试连接到数据库，然后创建带参数的查询。

代码如下:

import sys
import pyodbc

# connection parameters
nHost = 'host'
nBase = 'base'
nUser = 'user'
nPasw = 'pass'

# make connection start
def sqlconnect(nHost,nBase,nUser,nPasw):
    try:
        return pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={SQL Server};SERVER='+nHost+';DATABASE='+nBase+';UID='+nUser+';PWD='+nPasw)
        print("connection successfull")
    except:
        print ("connection failed check authorization parameters")  
con = sqlconnect(nHost,nBase,nUser,nPasw)
cursor = con.cursor()
# make connection stop

# if run WITHOUT parameters THEN everything is OK   
ask = input ('Go WITHOUT parameters y/n ?')
if ask == 'y':
    # SQL without parameters start
    res = cursor.execute('''
    SELECT * FROM TABLE 
    WHERE TABLE.TIMESTAMP BETWEEN '2017-03-01T00:00:00.000' AND '2017-03-01T01:00:00.000'
    ''')
    # SQL without parameters stop

    # print result to console start
    row = res.fetchone()
    while row:
        print (row)
        row = res.fetchone()
    # print result to console stop

# if run WITH parameters THEN ERROR
ask = input ('Go WITH parameters y/n ?') 
if ask == 'y':

    # parameters start
    STARTDATE = "'2017-03-01T00:00:00.000'"
    ENDDATE = "'2017-03-01T01:00:00.000'"
    # parameters end

    # SQL with parameters start
    res = cursor.execute('''
    SELECT * FROM TABLE 
    WHERE TABLE.TIMESTAMP BETWEEN :STARTDATE AND :ENDDATE
    ''', {"STARTDATE": STARTDATE, "ENDDATE": ENDDATE})
    # SQL with parameters stop

    # print result to console start
    row = res.fetchone()
    while row:
        print (row)
        row = res.fetchone()
    # print result to console stop

当我在 SQL 中运行不带参数的程序时，它工作正常。

当我尝试使用参数运行它时，发生错误。

Answer 1

通过 ODBC 的 SQL 语句中的参数是位置性的，并由 ? 标记。因此:

# SQL with parameters start
res = cursor.execute('''
SELECT * FROM TABLE 
WHERE TABLE.TIMESTAMP BETWEEN ? AND ?
''', STARTDATE, ENDDATE)
# SQL with parameters stop

此外，最好避免将日期作为字符串传递。让 pyodbc 使用 Python 的日期时间来处理这个问题:

from datetime import datetime
...
STARTDATE = datetime(year=2017, month=3, day=1)
ENDDATE = datetime(year=2017, month=3, day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=1)

然后像上面那样传递参数。如果您更喜欢字符串解析，请参阅 this answer .