c# - 无法在面向 .NET 3.5 的 Visual Studio 2012 中的 C# 项目中使用 CLI 类库中的 CLR 类型并使用 Windows7.1SDK 工具集进行编译

Question

我有一个 VS2012 解决方案，其中包含一个针对 .NET 3.5 的 C++/CLI 类库项目，并使用 Windows7.1SDK 作为平台工具集，根据 MSDN是在不安装相应版本的工具集(即 Visual Studio 2008)的情况下针对以前版本的框架的正确方法:

You can use the Windows7.1SDK platform toolset to target the .NET Framework 2.0, 3.0, 3.5, and 4, and the x86, Itanium, and x64 platforms.

CLI/C++ 项目启用了公共(public)语言运行时支持 (/clr)。

我想在 C# 中使用在 C++ 项目中声明的类，因此我创建了一个面向 .NET 3.5 的 C# 项目并添加了对 CLI 项目的引用。但是，在构建使用 C++ 项目中声明的类型的 C# 时，我得到:找不到类型或命名空间名称“Class1”(是否缺少 using 指令或程序集引用？)

奇怪的是，IDE 似乎确实能够找到类型(绿色)并且 IntelliSense 显示了该类型可用的方法。

解决方案结构

Solution Test1
|
| ClassLibrary1 (C++)
|    Class1.h
|    Class1.cpp
|
| Test1 (C#)
|    TestClass1.cs

类库1.h

public ref class Class1
{
public:
    Class1(unsigned short int initValue);
    ~Class1(void);

    void Init(unsigned short int init);
    void Input(unsigned char data);
    unsigned short int Getalue(void);

private:
    unsigned short int _value;
};

TestClass1.cs

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var t = new Class1(0xFFFF); //also tried with global::Class1, no cigar
}

更奇怪的是，VS 将对 C++/CLI 项目的引用识别为目标 v4.0.30319。

它也给出类似的警告

Warning 5 The primary reference "D:\Test1\Debug\ClassLibrary1.dll" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Xml, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework. Test1

我不明白它是从哪里得到这与 .NET 4 有任何关系的想法。我在 Debug 文件夹中找到了 ClassLibrary1.dll.metagen，这是我能想到的唯一地方这些对程序集 v4 的引用:

ImageRuntimeVersion: v4.0.30319
Assembly ClassLibrary1, Version=1.0.*, Culture=Invariant Language (Invariant Country): 
    hash=SHA1, flags=PublicKey
Assembly mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly System.Data, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly System.Xml, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly Microsoft.VisualC, Version=8.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Assembly Microsoft.VisualC, Version=10.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a: 
    hash=None, flags=None
Class Class1: AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, BeforeFieldInit
    Void .ctor(UInt16): PrivateScope, Public, HideBySig, SpecialName, RTSpecialName
  Interfaces:
    System.IDisposable
  Methods:
    Init(UInt16): PrivateScope, Public, HideBySig
    Input(Byte): PrivateScope, Public, HideBySig
    GetValue(): PrivateScope, Public, HideBySig
    Dispose(): PrivateScope, Public, Final, Virtual, HideBySig

我试过编辑文件但没有成功。我还尝试在 C++ 项目中将工具集切换到 Visual Studio 2012 (v110)，但没有成功。任何帮助将不胜感激。

似乎有人已经有了 exact same issue在 VS 论坛网站上，但最终放弃了尝试解决它。​​

相关问题:

How to build with v90 platform toolset in VS2012 without VS2008, using Windows SDK?

类库1.vcxproj

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
    </ProjectConfiguration>
    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
    </ProjectConfiguration>
  </ItemGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
    <ProjectGuid>{B2C66274-DF38-473F-B759-C7E2E7A1E8A3}</ProjectGuid>
    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v3.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
    <Keyword>ManagedCProj</Keyword>
    <RootNamespace>ClassLibrary1</RootNamespace>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
    <PlatformToolset>Windows7.1SDK</PlatformToolset>
    <CLRSupport>true</CLRSupport>
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
    <PlatformToolset>Windows7.1SDK</PlatformToolset>
    <CLRSupport>true</CLRSupport>
    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
  </ImportGroup>
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
  </ImportGroup>
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
  </ImportGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
    <ClCompile>
      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
    </ClCompile>
    <Link>
      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
      <AdditionalDependencies />
    </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
    <ClCompile>
      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
      <PrecompiledHeader>Use</PrecompiledHeader>
    </ClCompile>
    <Link>
      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
      <AdditionalDependencies />
    </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClInclude Include="Class1.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="resource.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="Stdafx.h" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClCompile Include="AssemblyInfo.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="Class1.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="Stdafx.cpp">
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
    </ClCompile>
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Text Include="ReadMe.txt" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ResourceCompile Include="app.rc" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Image Include="app.ico" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
  </ImportGroup>
</Project>

测试1.csproj

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" />
  <PropertyGroup>
    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
    <ProjectGuid>{160BE075-BAF3-48CE-8CB3-E607D5F91A50}</ProjectGuid>
    <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
    <RootNamespace>Test1</RootNamespace>
    <AssemblyName>Test1</AssemblyName>
    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v3.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
    <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Reference Include="System" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="TestClass1.cs" />
    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\ClassLibrary1\ClassLibrary1.vcxproj">
      <Project>{b2c66274-df38-473f-b759-c7e2e7a1e8a3}</Project>
      <Name>ClassLibrary1</Name>
    </ProjectReference>
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
  </Target>
  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
  </Target>
  -->
</Project>

Answer 1

所以在 this answer 中找到 VS2010 Express 的链接之后(它不再在 VS 网站上可用)并安装它，我发现它也无法使用 VS2010 构建 3.5；你需要安装2008!这绝对是一场噩梦，但是 this answer 中的解决方法终于允许我在 VS2012 上构建目标 .NET 3.5。

<rant>从实现这一点所花费的时间来看(即便如此，有变通办法)，人们只能得出结论，如果开发人员不瞄准最新和最好的，微软显然就赚不到钱。我不明白为什么要将工具版本与框架紧密结合。 </rant>