python - 在 Python 中使用正则表达式查找和替换文件中的单词列表

Question

我想将文件的内容打印到终端，并在此过程中突出显示列表中找到的所有单词而不修改原始文件。这是尚未运行的代码示例:

    def highlight_story(self):
        """Print a line from a file and highlight words in a list."""

        the_file = open(self.filename, 'r')
        file_contents = the_file.read()

        for word in highlight_terms:
            regex = re.compile(
                  r'\b'      # Word boundary.
                + word       # Each item in the list.
                + r's{0,1}', # One optional 's' at the end.
                flags=re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
            subst = '\033[1;41m' + r'\g<0>' + '\033[0m'
            result = re.sub(regex, subst, file_contents)

        print result
        the_file.close()

highlight_terms = [
    'dog',
    'hedgehog',
    'grue'
]

实际上，只有列表中的最后一项，无论它是什么或列表有多长，都会被突出显示。我假设每次替换都已执行，然后在下一次迭代开始时被“遗忘”。它看起来像这样:

Grues have been known to eat both human and non-human animals. In poorly-lit areas dogs and hedgehogs are considered by any affluent grue to a be delicacies. Dogs can frighten awat a grue, however, by barking in a musical scale. A hedgehog, on the other hand, must simply resign itself to its fate of becoming a hotdog fit for a grue king.

但它应该是这样的:

Grues have been known to eat both human and non-human animals. In poorly-lit areas dogs and hedgehogs are considered by any affluent grue to a be delicacies. Dogs can frighten away a grue, however, by barking in a musical scale. A hedgehog, on the other hand, must simply resign itself to its fate of becoming a hotdog fit for a grue king.

如何防止其他替换丢失？

Answer 1

您可以将正则表达式修改为以下内容:

regex = re.compile(r'\b('+'|'.join(highlight_terms)+r')s?', flags=re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)  # note the ? instead of {0, 1}. It has the same effect

那么，您将不需要 for 循环。

此代码获取单词列表，然后使用 | 将它们连接在一起。所以如果你的列表是这样的:

a = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse'];

正则表达式为:

\b(cat|dog|mouse)s?