c++ - 链接boost库时程序无错退出

Question

我在将 boost 库链接到我的交叉编译的 C++ 程序时遇到问题。我编写的代码是在 Ubuntu 12.04 下使用 CodeSourcery 交叉编译的，用于 arm-target(Pandaboard，也是 Ubuntu 12.04)。在没有库的情况下编译简单的测试程序可以正常工作，即使是带有静态库的 OpenCV 也可以正常工作。

但这是链接 boost 1.52.0 库时的问题:

当使用链接 boost 库 (-lboost_thread -lboost_system) 进行交叉编译时，程序编译没有错误，但在目标上执行时，没有任何反应。

程序完成时没有错误，就好像它从未被执行过一样。

在不链接 boost 库的情况下使用 CodeSourcery 进行交叉编译时:在目标上一切正常。使用 g++ 在本地编译:一切都很好。

出于测试目的，我将代码精简为以下几行:(当没有使用计时功能时甚至会出现错误。只是链接会有所不同)

主要.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include<boost/chrono.hpp>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    cout << "!!!this test worked!!!" << endl;

    return 0;
}

链接器命令是(在 eclipse 之外):

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++ -L/home/xy/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib -o "testARM" ./src/main.o -lpthread -lboost_thread -lboost_system

boost 库是使用 CodeSourcery arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++ 按照 this guide 交叉编译的.我将它们全部复制到目标中的/usr/lib 文件夹中，并将/usr/lib 添加到 PATH 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH。

我尝试使用 eclipse 进行远程调试，结果相同:启动程序.. 程序以 1 终止。但是什么也没发生。

它甚至不打印错误或提示丢失的东西。所以到现在为止，我想不出还有什么我可以用谷歌搜索但我还没有尝试过的……

你能给我一些提示，我可以尝试解决这个问题吗？

非常感谢!

---

更新:

当使用 strace 运行我的测试程序时，日志包含以下信息:

    $ vi strace-testARM.log    22:23:56.511385 execve("./testARM", ["./testARM"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0    22:23:56.512789 brk(0)                  = 0xfae000    22:23:56.512972 uname({sys="Linux", node="panda", ...}) = 0    22:23:56.514010 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.514315 mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6f9b000    22:23:56.514498 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.514742 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3    22:23:56.514986 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=52288, ...}) = 0    22:23:56.515353 mmap2(NULL, 52288, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb6f72000    22:23:56.515536 close(3)                = 0    22:23:56.515688 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.515902 open("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3    22:23:56.516207 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\5P\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512    22:23:56.516451 lseek(3, 66332, SEEK_SET) = 66332    22:23:56.516573 read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1400) = 1400    22:23:56.516787 lseek(3, 65924, SEEK_SET) = 65924    22:23:56.516909 read(3, "A6\0\0\0aeabi\0\1,\0\0\0\0057-A\0\6\n\7A\10\1\t\2\n\4\22"..., 55) = 55    22:23:56.517153 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=100802, ...}) = 0    22:23:56.517519 mmap2(NULL, 107024, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb6f57000    22:23:56.517642 mprotect(0xb6f67000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0    22:23:56.517794 mmap2(0xb6f6e000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xf) = 0xb6f6e000    22:23:56.517977 mmap2(0xb6f70000, 4624, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6f70000    22:23:56.518160 close(3)                = 0    22:23:56.518313 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.518557 open("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/tls/v7l/neon/vfp/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.518832 stat64("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/tls/v7l/neon/vfp", 0xbea34ea8) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.519076 open("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/tls/v7l/neon/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file ... [ lots of other directories with file not found ] ...    22:23:56.545382 stat64("/usr/lib/neon/vfp", 0xbea34ea8) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.545565 open("/usr/lib/neon/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.545748 stat64("/usr/lib/neon", 0xbea34ea8) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.545932 open("/usr/lib/vfp/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.546115 stat64("/usr/lib/vfp", 0xbea34ea8) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)    22:23:56.546298 open("/usr/lib/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3    22:23:56.546481 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\324\331\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512    22:23:56.546755 lseek(3, 121020, SEEK_SET) = 121020    22:23:56.546878 read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1200) = 1200    22:23:56.547091 lseek(3, 119052, SEEK_SET) = 119052    22:23:56.547213 read(3, "A(\0\0\0aeabi\0\1\36\0\0\0\0055TE\0\6\4\10\1\t\1\22\4\24\1\25"..., 41) = 41    22:23:56.547396 exit_group(1)           = ?

---

Update 2:

I am compiling my program on an Ubuntu Host, transfer the file onto the Pandaboard and issue the following commands as suggested by @ShaunMarko:

`ldd testARM` =>  `not a dynamic executable`

`file testARM` => `testARM: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.16, not stripped`

`file libboost_thread.so.1.52.0` => `libboost_thread.so.1.52.0: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, not stripped`

将 -v -H 添加到我收到的编译 g++ 表达式中:

... /xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.7.2/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include/boost/utility/result_of.hpp

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-O0' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-v' '-H' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MF' 'main.d' '-MT' 'main.d' '-o' 'main.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-march=armv5te' '-mtls-dialect=gnu' '-funwind-tables' '-D' '__CS_SOURCERYGXX_MAJ__=2012' '-D' '__CS_SOURCERYGXX_MIN__=9' '-D' '__CS_SOURCERYGXX_REV__=64'
 /xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.7.2/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/as -v -march=armv5te -meabi=5 -o main.o /tmp/cceTwLmn.s
GNU assembler version 2.23.51 (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) using BFD version (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2012.09-64) 2.23.51.20120829
COMPILER_PATH=/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.7.2/:/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../libexec/gcc/:/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.7.2/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.7.2/:/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/:/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.7.2/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/:/xy/CodeSourcery/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-O0' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-v' '-H' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MF' 'main.d' '-MT' 'main.d' '-o' 'main.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-march=armv5te' '-mtls-dialect=gnu' '-funwind-tables' '-D' '__CS_SOURCERYGXX_MAJ__=2012' '-D' '__CS_SOURCERYGXX_MIN__=9' '-D' '__CS_SOURCERYGXX_REV__=64'

**** Build Finished ****

(这是最后一部分，上面列出了大量包含的 header 。xy-Path 是我的主目录中安装 CodeSourcery 的位置)

Answer 1

构建 ARM 应用程序的一般规则(事实上它必须适用于任何平台)

You must compile your entire program with the same ABI, and link with a compatible set of libraries.

在你的情况下，最后一项看起来像 /usr/lib/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0 并且因为它也与你的使用有关，所以确保 libboost_thread与您正在交叉编译的主机上的匹配。

22:23:56.546298 open("/usr/lib/libboost_thread.so.1.52.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
22:23:56.546481 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\324\331\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
22:23:56.546755 lseek(3, 121020, SEEK_SET) = 121020
22:23:56.546878 read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1200) = 1200
22:23:56.547091 lseek(3, 119052, SEEK_SET) = 119052
22:23:56.547213 read(3, "A(\0\0\0aeabi\0\1\36\0\0\0\0055TE\0\6\4\10\1\t\1\22\4\24\1\25"..., 41) = 41
22:23:56.547396 exit_group(1)           = ?

使用 ARM 系统，您可以拥有库的许多变体，例如不同的 ABI 或 VFP/NEON 支持，并且获得现成的工具链可能与默认情况下的目标不匹配，因为它是针对 ARM 的.

更新

如果你查看之前的日志

22:23:56.515902 open("/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
22:23:56.516207 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\5P\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
22:23:56.516451 lseek(3, 66332, SEEK_SET) = 66332
22:23:56.516573 read(3, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 1400) = 1400
22:23:56.516787 lseek(3, 65924, SEEK_SET) = 65924
22:23:56.516909 read(3, "A6\0\0\0aeabi\0\1,\0\0\0\0057-A\0\6\n\7A\10\1\t\2\n\4\22"..., 55) = 55

您会看到两件事，首先您的系统是路径中的 hf。在读取的数据中，我们还看到 7-A，这可能意味着 ARMv7-A 与 5TE 相比，这可能意味着来自您的 libboost_thread 库的 ARMv5TE。您应该使用工具链中的 readelf 来获取有关 elf 文件的信息，而不是文件实用程序。

我会尝试使用 -march=armv7-a -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard 编译 boost，并将生成的二进制文件放在 `/usr/lib/vfp 下。

我觉得读书vfp stuff从 Debian 站点可以帮助你很大，你应该自己做小练习，而不是处理 boost 的编译过程来了解情况。