c# - 我如何在 .Net 中操作 token 权限？

Question

我想使用 C# 来确定哪些权限分配给了我的进程/线程 token ，并根据需要进行调整。例如，为了让我的程序重新启动计算机，它必须首先启用 SeShutdownPrivilege 权限。

如何通过托管代码安全地完成这项工作？

Answer 1

事实证明这很重要，因为它没有内置机制。不仅需要 P/Invoke，而且您必须仔细编码以确保您不会通过启用它们然后很快禁用它们来“泄漏”特权(尽管如果您重新启动计算机则不是问题)。

有关带说明的完整代码示例，请阅读 Mark Novak 于 2005 年 3 月发表的 MSDN 杂志文章“Manipulate Privileges in Managed Code Reliably, Securely, and Efficiently”。

这是 P/Invoke 声明:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;

namespace PrivilegeClass
{
    [Flags]
    internal enum TokenAccessLevels 
    {
        AssignPrimary       = 0x00000001,
        Duplicate           = 0x00000002,
        Impersonate         = 0x00000004,
        Query               = 0x00000008,
        QuerySource         = 0x00000010,
        AdjustPrivileges    = 0x00000020,
        AdjustGroups        = 0x00000040,
        AdjustDefault       = 0x00000080,
        AdjustSessionId     = 0x00000100,

        Read                = 0x00020000 | Query,

        Write               = 0x00020000 | AdjustPrivileges | AdjustGroups | AdjustDefault,

        AllAccess           = 0x000F0000       |
            AssignPrimary    |
            Duplicate        |
            Impersonate      |
            Query            |
            QuerySource      |
            AdjustPrivileges |
            AdjustGroups     |
            AdjustDefault    |
            AdjustSessionId,

        MaximumAllowed      = 0x02000000
    }

    internal enum SecurityImpersonationLevel
    {
        Anonymous = 0,
        Identification = 1,
        Impersonation = 2,
        Delegation = 3,
    }

    internal enum TokenType
    {
        Primary = 1,
        Impersonation = 2,
    }

    internal sealed class NativeMethods
    {
        internal const uint SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED           = 0x00000000;
        internal const uint SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED            = 0x00000002;

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
        internal struct LUID 
        {
            internal uint LowPart;
            internal uint HighPart;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
        internal struct LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES 
        {
            internal LUID Luid;
            internal uint Attributes;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
        internal struct TOKEN_PRIVILEGE 
        {
            internal uint                PrivilegeCount;
            internal LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES Privilege;
        }

        internal const string ADVAPI32 = "advapi32.dll";
        internal const string KERNEL32 = "kernel32.dll";

        internal const int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0x0;
        internal const int ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED  = 0x5;
        internal const int ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 0x8;
        internal const int ERROR_NO_TOKEN = 0x3f0;
        internal const int ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED = 0x514;
        internal const int ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE = 0x521;
        internal const int ERROR_CANT_OPEN_ANONYMOUS = 0x543;

        [DllImport(
             KERNEL32,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);

        [DllImport(
             ADVAPI32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Unicode,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern bool AdjustTokenPrivileges (
            [In]     SafeTokenHandle       TokenHandle,
            [In]     bool                  DisableAllPrivileges,
            [In]     ref TOKEN_PRIVILEGE   NewState,
            [In]     uint                  BufferLength,
            [In,Out] ref TOKEN_PRIVILEGE   PreviousState,
            [In,Out] ref uint              ReturnLength);

        [DllImport(
             ADVAPI32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Auto,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern
        bool RevertToSelf();

        [DllImport(
             ADVAPI32,
             EntryPoint="LookupPrivilegeValueW",
             CharSet=CharSet.Auto,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern
        bool LookupPrivilegeValue (
            [In]     string             lpSystemName,
            [In]     string             lpName,
            [In,Out] ref LUID           Luid);

        [DllImport(
             KERNEL32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Auto,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern 
        IntPtr GetCurrentProcess();

        [DllImport(
             KERNEL32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Auto,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern 
            IntPtr GetCurrentThread ();

        [DllImport(
             ADVAPI32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Unicode,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern 
        bool OpenProcessToken (
            [In]     IntPtr              ProcessToken,
            [In]     TokenAccessLevels   DesiredAccess,
            [In,Out] ref SafeTokenHandle TokenHandle);

        [DllImport
             (ADVAPI32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Unicode,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern
        bool OpenThreadToken(
            [In]     IntPtr              ThreadToken,
            [In]     TokenAccessLevels   DesiredAccess,
            [In]     bool                OpenAsSelf,
            [In,Out] ref SafeTokenHandle TokenHandle);

        [DllImport
            (ADVAPI32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Unicode,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern
        bool DuplicateTokenEx(
            [In]    SafeTokenHandle     ExistingToken,
            [In]    TokenAccessLevels   DesiredAccess,
            [In]    IntPtr              TokenAttributes,
            [In]    SecurityImpersonationLevel  ImpersonationLevel,
            [In]    TokenType           TokenType,
            [In,Out] ref SafeTokenHandle NewToken);

        [DllImport
             (ADVAPI32,
             CharSet=CharSet.Unicode,
             SetLastError=true)]
        [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
        internal static extern
        bool SetThreadToken(
            [In]    IntPtr              Thread,
            [In]    SafeTokenHandle     Token);

        static NativeMethods()
        {
        }
    }
}