python - 如何在 python 中发现特定包中的类？

Question

我有一个插件式模块包。它看起来像这样:

/Plugins /Plugins/__init__.py/Plugins/Plugin1.py/Plugins/Plugin2.py etc...

Each .py file contains a class that derives from PluginBaseClass. So I need to list every module in the Plugins package and then search for any classes that implement PluginBaseClass. Ideally I want to be able to do something like this:

for klass in iter_plugins(project.Plugins):
    action = klass()
    action.run()

我看到了一些其他答案，但我的情况不同。我实际导入了基础包(即:import project.Plugins)，我需要在发现模块后找到这些类。

Answer 1

编辑:这是修改后的解决方案。我意识到我在测试上一个时犯了一个错误，它并没有像你期望的那样工作。所以这是一个更完整的解决方案:

import os
from imp import find_module
from types import ModuleType, ClassType

def iter_plugins(package):
    """Receives package (as a string) and, for all of its contained modules,
    generates all classes that are subclasses of PluginBaseClass."""

    # Despite the function name, "find_module" will find the package
    # (the "filename" part of the return value will be None, in this case)
    filename, path, description = find_module(package)

    # dir(some_package) will not list the modules within the package,
    # so we explicitly look for files. If you need to recursively descend
    # a directory tree, you can adapt this to use os.walk instead of os.listdir
    modules =  sorted(set(i.partition('.')[0]
                          for i in os.listdir(path)
                          if i.endswith(('.py', '.pyc', '.pyo'))
                          and not i.startswith('__init__.py')))
    pkg = __import__(package, fromlist=modules)
    for m in modules:
        module = getattr(pkg, m)
        if type(module) == ModuleType:  
            for c in dir(module):
                klass = getattr(module, c)
                if (type(klass) == ClassType and
                    klass is not PluginBaseClass and
                    issubclass(klass, PluginBaseClass)):
                    yield klass

我之前的解决方案是:

你可以尝试这样的事情:

from types import ModuleType
import Plugins

classes = []
for item in dir(Plugins):
    module = getattr(Plugins, item)
    # Get all (and only) modules in Plugins
    if type(module) == ModuleType:
        for c in dir(module):
            klass = getattr(module, c)
            if isinstance(klass, PluginBaseClass):
                classes.append(klass)

实际上，如果你想要一些模块化，甚至更好:

from types import ModuleType

def iter_plugins(package):
    # This assumes "package" is a package name.
    # If it's the package itself, you can remove this __import__
    pkg = __import__(package)
    for item in dir(pkg):
        module = getattr(pkg, item)
        if type(module) == ModuleType:  
            for c in dir(module):
                klass = getattr(module, c)
                if issubclass(klass, PluginBaseClass):
                    yield klass