c# - 如何使用 C# 识别文件的扩展名/类型？

Question

我有一个工作流程，允许用户上传任何文件，然后该文件将被读取。

现在我的问题是，如果用户有图像文件 xyz.jpg 并且他仅将其重命名为 xyz(删除扩展名)，那么我们仍然可以使用/读取文件数据/元数据来获取文件的类型/扩展名。

谢谢大家

Answer 1

参见 PInvoke.net更多详情

   [DllImport("urlmon.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false)]
    static extern int FindMimeFromData(IntPtr pBC,
          [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pwzUrl,
         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, ArraySubType=UnmanagedType.I1, SizeParamIndex=3)] 
        byte[] pBuffer,
          int cbSize,
             [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]  string pwzMimeProposed,
          int dwMimeFlags,
          out IntPtr ppwzMimeOut,
          int dwReserved);

示例用法:

  public string MimeTypeFrom(byte[] dataBytes, string mimeProposed) {
   if (dataBytes == null)
     throw new ArgumentNullException("dataBytes");
   string mimeRet = String.Empty;
   IntPtr suggestPtr = IntPtr.Zero, filePtr = IntPtr.Zero, outPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
   if (mimeProposed != null && mimeProposed.Length > 0) {
     //suggestPtr = Marshal.StringToCoTaskMemUni(mimeProposed); // for your experiments ;-)
     mimeRet = mimeProposed;
   }
   int ret = FindMimeFromData(IntPtr.Zero, null, dataBytes, dataBytes.Length, mimeProposed, 0, out outPtr, 0);
   if (ret == 0 && outPtr != IntPtr.Zero) {
    //todo: this leaks memory outPtr must be freed
     return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(outPtr);
   }
   return mimeRet;
}

// call it this way:
Trace.Write("MimeType is " + MimeTypeFrom(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("%PDF-"), "text/plain"));

另一个例子:

/// <summary>
/// Ensures that file exists and retrieves the content type 
/// </summary>
/// <param name="file"></param>
/// <returns>Returns for instance "images/jpeg" </returns>
public static string getMimeFromFile(string file)
{
    IntPtr mimeout;
    if (!System.IO.File.Exists(file))
    throw new FileNotFoundException(file + " not found");

    int MaxContent = (int)new FileInfo(file).Length;
    if (MaxContent > 4096) MaxContent = 4096;
    FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(file);


    byte[] buf = new byte[MaxContent];        
    fs.Read(buf, 0, MaxContent);
    fs.Close();
    int result = FindMimeFromData(IntPtr.Zero, file, buf, MaxContent, null, 0, out mimeout, 0);

    if (result != 0)
    throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(result);
    string mime = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(mimeout);
    Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(mimeout);
    return mime;
}