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python - 如何在 postgresql 上使用 sqlalchemy 进行正确的更新插入?

转载 作者:太空狗 更新时间:2023-10-29 20:44:43 24 4
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我想使用 sqlalchemy 核心使用 postgresql 9.5 添加的"new"功能进行更新插入。在实现时,我对语法感到很困惑,无法适应我的需要。这是我希望能够执行的操作的示例代码:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'test'
a_id = Column('id',Integer, primary_key=True)
a = Column("a",Integer)

engine = create_engine('postgres://name:password@localhost/test')
User().metadata.create_all(engine)
meta = MetaData(engine)
meta.reflect()
table = Table('test', meta, autoload=True)
conn = engine.connect()

from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as psql_insert
stmt = psql_insert(table).values({
table.c['id']: bindparam('id'),
table.c['a']: bindparam('a'),
})
stmt = stmt.on_conflict_do_update(
index_elements=[table.c['id']],
set_={'a': bindparam('a')},
)
list_of_dictionary = [{'id':1, 'a':1, }, {'id':2, 'a':2,}]
conn.execute(stmt, list_of_dictionary)

我基本上想插入大量行,如果一个 id 已经被占用,我想用我最初想插入的值更新它。但是 sqlalchemy 抛出这个错误:

CompileError: bindparam() name 'a' is reserved for automatic usage in the VALUES or SET clause of this insert/update statement.   Please use a name other than column name when using bindparam() with insert() or update() (for example, 'b_a').

虽然这是一个已知问题(请参阅 https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/sqlalchemy/VwiUlF1cz_o),但我没有找到任何不需要修改 list_of_dictionary 的键或列名的正确答案。

我想知道是否有一种方法可以构造 stmt 以具有一致的行为,这种行为不依赖于变量 list_of_dictionary 的键是否是插入表的列名(我的代码没有在这些情况下会出错)。

最佳答案

这对我有用:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy import MetaData, Table
from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
from sqlalchemy.inspection import inspect

def upsert(engine, schema, table_name, records=[]):

metadata = MetaData(schema=schema)
metadata.bind = engine

table = Table(table_name, metadata, schema=schema, autoload=True)

# get list of fields making up primary key
primary_keys = [key.name for key in inspect(table).primary_key]

# assemble base statement
stmt = postgresql.insert(table).values(records)

# define dict of non-primary keys for updating
update_dict = {
c.name: c
for c in stmt.excluded
if not c.primary_key
}

# cover case when all columns in table comprise a primary key
# in which case, upsert is identical to 'on conflict do nothing.
if update_dict == {}:
warnings.warn('no updateable columns found for table')
# we still wanna insert without errors
insert_ignore(table_name, records)
return None


# assemble new statement with 'on conflict do update' clause
update_stmt = stmt.on_conflict_do_update(
index_elements=primary_keys,
set_=update_dict,
)

# execute
with engine.connect() as conn:
result = conn.execute(update_stmt)
return result

关于python - 如何在 postgresql 上使用 sqlalchemy 进行正确的更新插入?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41724658/

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