python - 当给定复合键 'foo.bar.baz' 时递归设置 Python dict 项

Question

我想实现以下目标:

foodict['foo.bar.baz'] = 'foo'
{
   'foo': {
      'bar': {
            'baz': 'foo'
         }
       }
   }
}

...递归地创建键。

摸索了一会儿，我想到了这个:

class Config(dict):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.super = super(Config, self)
        self.update(*args, **kwargs)

    def __setitem__(self, keys, value):
        keys   = keys.split('.')
        keys.reverse()

        config = Config()

        for i, k in enumerate(keys):
            if i == 0:
                config  = Config(**{ k: value })
            else:
                config  = Config(**{ k: config })

        self.super.update(config)

Answer 1

您可能会考虑来自 Raymond Hettinger 本人的“infinite defaultdict”秘诀:

https://twitter.com/raymondh/status/343823801278140417

>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> infinite_defaultdict = lambda: defaultdict(infinite_defaultdict)
>>> d = infinite_defaultdict()
>>> d['foo']['bar']['baz'] = 'foo'
>>> d
defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x1040388c8>, {'foo': defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x1040388c8>, {'bar': defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x1040388c8>, {'baz': 'foo'})})})

另一种选择是实现__missing__:

>>> class InfiniteDict(dict):
...     def __missing__(self, val):
...         d = InfiniteDict()
...         self[val] = d
...         return d
...
>>> d = InfiniteDict()
>>> d['foo']['bar']['baz'] = 'foo'
>>> d
{'foo': {'bar': {'baz': 'foo'}}}

如果您必须具有属性访问权限:

class InfiniteDict(dict):
   def __missing__(self, val):
       d = InfiniteDict()
       self[val] = d
       return d
   def __getattr__(self, item):
       return self.__getitem__(item)
   def __setattr__(self, item, value):
       super().__setitem__(item, value)

在行动中:

>>> d = InfiniteDict()
>>> d.foo.bar.baz = 'foo'
>>> d
{'foo': {'bar': {'baz': 'foo'}}}
>>>

不过，这有点草率，所以不能保证没有任何错误。并且几乎没有防范措施，例如，与实际属性的冲突:

>>> d.keys = 'should I be allowed?'
>>> d
{'foo': {'bar': {'baz': 'foo'}}, 'keys': 'should I be allowed?'}
>>> d.keys()
dict_keys(['foo', 'keys'])