Python:响应命令行提示

Question

我正在尝试使用 Python 通过命令行与另一个程序进行交互。我遇到的主要问题是具有多个后续提示的特定调用。最初，命令行调用会询问项目名称，然后继续询问我是否要查看项目的任何子文件夹。我需要按顺序对每一个回答 y/n，不幸的是，每个答案都不是 y 或 n。此外，如果不阅读单独的提示，我就无法知道问题的答案，因此我无法一次发送一组“y”或“n”。

这是命令行调用:

si viewproject

输入命令后，命令行提示:

输入项目名称:

一个示例响应是:

输入项目名称:c:/test.pj

进入项目后，提示如下:

是否要递归到子项目 test_subprj.pj 中？ [ynYN](n)

在这一点上，我需要用 y 或 n 来响应，具体取决于我是否需要该子项目。同样，对这个问题的回答取决于子项目。我需要能够阅读此提示中的子项目，以便用“y”或“n”来响应它

目前我需要手动输入项目以及每个 y 和 n 。我的目标是使用 Python 自动化这个过程。

有没有办法自动响应这些命令行提示？

现在的进展

子流程策略

 project_path = "c:/test.pj"

 with Popen(["si", "viewproject", "--project=" + project_path], 
             stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, universal_newlines=True) as p:
     for line in p.stdout: 
         if line.startswith("Do you want"):
             answer = 'n'
         else:
             continue # skip it
         print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
         p.stdin.flush()

此方法卡在 with Popen 语句之后。它永远不会出错，但它永远不会进入或退出 for 语句并且永远不会完成。目前我将所有答案默认为“n”，但稍后会被逻辑替换。

Winpexpect 策略

 import re
 import sys
 from functools import partial
 import winpexpect

 project_path = "c:/test.pj"

 p = winpexpect.winspawn('si viewproject --project=' + project_path)
 p.logfile = sys.stdout
 patterns = [re.compile('ynYN'), winpexpect.EOF]

 for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
     if found == 0:
         answer = 'n'
         p.sendline(answer)

返回以下错误消息:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 541, in read_nonblocking
     handle, status, data = self.child_output.get(timeout=timeout)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\queue.py", line 175, in get
     raise Empty
 queue.Empty

 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1378, in expect_loop
     c = self.read_nonblocking (self.maxread, timeout)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 543, in read_nonblocking
     raise TIMEOUT('Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().')
 pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().

 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "K:\eclipse_3.6.0\plugins\org.python.pydev_2.6.0.2012062818\pysrc\pydev_runfiles.py", line 432, in __get_module_from_str
     mod = __import__(modname)
   File "C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py", line 19, in <module>
     for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1311, in expect
     return self.expect_list(compiled_pattern_list, timeout, searchwindowsize)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1325, in expect_list
     return self.expect_loop(searcher_re(pattern_list), timeout, searchwindowsize)
   File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1409, in expect_loop
     raise TIMEOUT (str(e) + '\n' + str(self))
 pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
 <winpexpect.winspawn object at 0x0144AE50>
 version: 2.3 ($Revision: 399 $)
 command: si
 args: ['si', 'viewproject', '--project=c:/test.pj']
 searcher: searcher_re:
     0: re.compile("ynYN")
     1: EOF
 buffer (last 100 chars): 
 before (last 100 chars): 
 after: <class 'pexpect.TIMEOUT'>
 match: None
 match_index: None
 exitstatus: None
 flag_eof: False
 pid: 6448
 child_fd: 4
 closed: False
 timeout: 30
 delimiter: <class 'pexpect.EOF'>
 logfile: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='Cp1252'>
 logfile_read: None
 logfile_send: None
 maxread: 2000
 ignorecase: False
 searchwindowsize: None
 delaybeforesend: 0.05
 delayafterclose: 0.1
 delayafterterminate: 0.1
 ERROR: Module: Test_prj could not be imported (file: C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py).

安装 Winpexpect

懒人之道

Install Distribute

Do This

Install PyWin32

Install Winpexpect

Optional: Install Nose

Optional: Install Pip

第一世界问题

Python 对我来说是一门新语言，我之前从未为 Python 安装过软件包。此外，Python 3.x 与其他版本的 Python 略有不同，这使得安装模块更加冒险。

因此，为了帮助其他人获得一些甜蜜的模块操作(并帮助那些知识渊博的人看看我是否做错了什么)，这里有一个即将成功的故事(希望如此)记录我如何获得和安装我的第一个模块。

设置

Python 允许第三方团体开发和分发扩展编程语言能力的模块。自然，有一种标准方法可以帮助第三方开发人员尽可能轻松地为最终用户提供模块。

对于 Python 3.x，分发模块的标准称为 Distutils。

以下是开发人员如何使用 Distutils:
Distributing Python Modules

以下是最终用户使用 Distutils 的方式:
Installing Python Modules

通常，在命令行中导航到下载模块的文件夹并运行“setup.py install”就足够了。

但是

有时生活并不那么容易，您的安装可能仍然存在问题。事实上，您可能还需要其他东西。例如，您可能会收到以下错误:

“导入错误“没有名为 Setuptools 的模块””

幸运的是，有一个解决方案:
Python 3: ImportError "No Module named Setuptools"

事实证明，并非所有东西都使用 distutils。一些软件包使用 setuptools。不幸的是，没有适用于 Python 3.x 的设置工具。相反，Python 3.x 使用了分发工具，它是 setuptools 的一个分支。

所以对于那些使用 Python 3.x 的人来说，这里是 Distribute: Distribute

对于使用 Python 2.x 的用户，这里是 Setuptools: Setuptools

在 Distribute 的安装说明中，它说明了以下内容:
“下载 distribute_setup.py <http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py> _
并使用您选择的 Python 解释器执行它。”

它还说:“请注意，源版本中也提供了此文件。”

所以我下载了 Distribute 并将其保存到计算机上。将其保存到计算机后，我从源版本运行了distribute_setup.py 并收到以下错误:

Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.36.tar.gz
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1252, in do_open
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers)       File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1049, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1087, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1045, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 890, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 828, in send
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 806, in connect
    self.timeout, self.source_address)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\socket.py", line 406, in create_connection
    for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 553, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 549, in main
    tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
  File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 204, in download_setuptools
    src = urlopen(url)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 160, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 473, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 491, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 451, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1272, in http_open
    return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1255, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed>

那不好!老实说，我仍然不知道该错误来自哪里或为什么会发生。

无论如何，然后我找到了以下站点，该站点运行 .exe 来安装分发和 pip。

Install Distribute

Install Pip

所以我安装了这些，然后使用以下站点设置我的计算机以更轻松地使用easy_install: Setting Up Easy Install Made Easy

一旦我开始工作，我就安装了 Nose : Nose

我有 Nose 的原因是因为 Winpexpect website说:
“WinPexpect 包括单元测试。要运行测试，你需要 Nose 。使用以下命令运行测试:

$ python setup.py 测试”

嗯，这听起来不错:)。现在我只是希望我知道在哪里运行该测试。我知道如果你手动安装你使用 setup.py install 命令，所以肯定会有一个 setup.py 在线压缩目录中。为了查看这是否正确，我下载并保存了 winpexpect 文件，提取了信息，通过命令行导航到该文件，然后运行 ​​setup.py 测试。

结果如下:

running test
running build_py
running egg_info
creating c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info
writing c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing requirements to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\requires.txt
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\SLZ1FH\Desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\setup.py", line 35, in <module>
    use_2to3 = True
  File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 917, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 936, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 138, in run
    self.with_project_on_sys_path(self.run_tests)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 118, in with_project_on_sys_path
    func()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 164, in run_tests
    testLoader = cks
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 124, in __init__
    self.parseArgs(argv)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 168, in parseArgs
    self.createTests()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 175, in createTests
    self.module)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in loadTestsFromNames
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in <listcomp>
    suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
  File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 96, in loadTestsFromName
    module = __import__('.'.join(parts_copy))
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from nose.core import collector, main, run, run_exit, runmodule
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\core.py", line 143
    print "%s version %s" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), __version__)
                    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

好的，那么 Python 3.3 版本的 Nose 包含无效的 Python 3.3 语法？

打印 "%s version %s"% (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), version )...

绝对应该在它周围加上括号......这让我怀疑 Nose 是否真的可以在这里工作，因为它显然是为早期版本的 Python 制作的。

Answer 1

在您提到的评论中 xx viewproject < answers.txt > output.txt有效，但您不能使用它，因为答案取决于子流程的输出。

一般情况 pexpect 类似模块，例如 winpexpect (对于 Windows)可以使用。就像是:

import re
import sys
from functools import partial
from winpexpect import EOF, winspawn as spawn

p = spawn('xx viewproject')
p.logfile = sys.stdout
patterns = ['the project:', re.escape('? [ynYN](n)'), EOF]
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 2): # until EOF
    if found == 0:
        p.sendline(project_name)
    elif found == 1:
        filename = get_filename_from_prompt(p.before) # a regex could be used
        answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'no') # a dict
        p.sendline(answer)

如果提示以换行符终止(并且子进程不缓冲它们)；您可以使用 subprocess 逐行阅读直接模块:

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, 
           universal_newlines=True) as p:
    for line in p.stdout: 
        if line.startswith("Please enter the name of the project"):
            answer = project_name
        elif line.startswith("Would you like to recurse into the subproject"):
            filename = get_filename_from_prompt(line) # a regex could be used
            answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'n') # a dict
        else:
            continue # skip it
        print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
        p.stdin.flush()

为了测试您是否可以从 xx 中读取某些内容使用 subprocess :

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT

with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], bufsize=0,
           stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT) as p:
    print(repr(p.stdout.read(1)))