python - 由于日期格式，django rest framework 列表查询自定义 json 数组结果响应

Question

我有这个 Django REST API，我想为 json 响应自定义列表查询结果。原因在于日期格式以及可能的其他格式。

这是 Rest API，问题创建于我希望它的格式如下:('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')。以下代码没有任何格式，它只会列出结果并创建一个 json。

@api_view(['POST'])
def employee_get_list_by_page(request):
    val_params = ["id", "username","first_name","last_name","created_at"]    
    employee_list = Employee.objects.all().values(*val_params).order_by('id')  

    page = request.GET.get('page', request.POST['page'])
    paginator = Paginator(employee_list, request.POST['page_limit'])

    try:
        employees = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        employees = paginator.page(request.POST['page'])
    except EmptyPage:
        employees = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)

    return Response(list(employees), status=status.HTTP_200_OK)    

这是模型。注意我有 .as_dict() 函数。对于像使用 emp = Employee.objects.get(id=6) 这样的个人记录，我可以这样做 emp.as_dict() 并且结果将在 created_at 中具有格式化的日期。

class Employee(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='employee')
    company = models.ForeignKey(Company)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=False)    
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=False)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=False)    
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

    def as_dict(self):
        return {"id": "%d" % self.id,
                "username": self.username if self.username else "",
                "first_name": self.first_name if self.first_name else "",
                "last_name": self.last_name if self.last_name else "",              
                "created_at":self.created_at.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}

这是列表的json响应结果。请注意日期未格式化。

[
  {
    "id": 7,
    "username": "mick",
    "first_name": "zack",
    "last_name": "ray",
    "created_at": "2017-12-07T10:09:28.376427Z" <-- I want this to be ('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
  },
  {
    "id": 8,
    "username": "hu",
    "first_name": "rar",
    "last_name": "baw",
    "created_at": "2017-12-10T09:08:27.473997Z"
  }  
]

问题:如何获得具有所需格式的 json 列表响应？

Answer 1

使用serializers django rest framework，创建一个序列化器类

from rest_framework import serializers

class EmployeeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    created_at = serializers.DateTimeField(format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')

    class Meta:
       model = Employee
       fields = ("id", "username", "first_name", "last_name", "created_at")

现在使用序列化器类解析您的员工查询集。

@api_view(['POST'])
def employee_get_list_by_page(request): 
    employees = Employee.objects.all().values(*val_params).order_by('id')
    serializer = EmployeeSerializer(employees, many=True)

    # rest of your code
    ...

    return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)  

Format strings may either be Python strftime formats which explicitly specify the format, or the special string iso-8601, which indicates that ISO 8601 style datetimes should be used. (eg 2013-01-29T12:34:56.000000Z)