c++ - 当更多信息打印到屏幕上时，使 boost::progress_display 工作

Question

我有一个控制台程序，它的计算可能需要一些时间。我正在使用 boost::progress_display 向用户提供一些反馈。

我的问题是，如果发生某些事情，我还想将其他更新打印到标准输出，这会破坏进度条:

0%   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100%
|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
**Found temporary candidate with score: 40
Found temporary candidate with score: 46
*Found temporary candidate with score: 52
********Found temporary candidate with score: 55
**Found temporary candidate with score: 67
**************************************

是否有一种简单的方法来同时拥有进度条(理想情况下在代码中与 boost::progress_display 一样无干扰)和屏幕更新？

编辑:在评论中提出我没有提供我正在寻找的示例的建议后，我想要类似于以下内容的代码:

boost::progress_display progress(10);
for (size_t i = 0; i< 10; ++i)
{
    std::cout << "Number is: " << i << "\n";
    ++progress;
}

但这不会导致此输出:

0%   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100%
|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
Number is: 0
*****Number is: 1
*****Number is: 2
*****Number is: 3
*****Number is: 4
*****Number is: 5
*****Number is: 6
*****Number is: 7
*****Number is: 8
*****Number is: 9
******

相反，我希望在进度条之后或之前显示 Number is: z 行:

Number is: 0
Number is: 1
Number is: 2
Number is: 3
Number is: 4
Number is: 5
Number is: 6
Number is: 7
Number is: 8
Number is: 9
0%   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100%
|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
***************************************************

Answer 1

使用自制类(class)

我无法使用 boost::progress_display 找到一个简单的答案，所以我实现了我自己的 RAII 类，它在 Linux 下工作得很好:

进度条.h

#ifndef PROGRESS_BAR_H
#define PROGRESS_BAR_H

#include <string>

/**
 * RAII implementation of a progress bar.
 */
class ProgressBar
{
public:
    /**
     * Constructor.
     * It takes two values: the expected number of iterations whose progress we
     * want to monitor and an initial message to be displayed on top of the bar
     * (which can be updated with updateLastPrintedMessage()).
     */
    ProgressBar(
            uint32_t expectedIterations, const std::string& initialMessage="");

    /**
     * Destructor to guarantee RAII.
     */
    ~ProgressBar();

    // Make the object non-copyable
    ProgressBar(const ProgressBar& o) = delete;
    ProgressBar& operator=(const ProgressBar& o) = delete;

    /**
     * Must be invoked when the progress bar is no longer needed to restore the
     * position of the cursor to the end of the output.
     * It is automatically invoked when the object is destroyed.
     */
    void endProgressBar();

    /**
     * Prints a new message under the last printed message, without overwriting
     * it. This moves the progress bar down to be placed under the newly
     * written message.
     */
    void printNewMessage(const std::string& message);

    /**
     * Prints a message while the progress bar is on the screen on top on the
     * last printed message. Since the cursor is right at the beginning of the
     * progress bar, it moves the cursor up by one line before printing, and
     * then returns it to its original position.
     */
    void updateLastPrintedMessage(const std::string& message);

    /**
     * Overloaded prefix operator, used to indicate that the has been a new
     * iteration.
     */
    void operator++();

private:
    unsigned int mTotalIterations;
    unsigned int mNumberOfTicks;
    bool mEnded;
    size_t mLengthOfLastPrintedMessage;
};

#endif /* PROGRESS_BAR_H */

进度条.cpp

#include "ProgressBar.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>

#define LENGTH_OF_PROGRESS_BAR 55
#define PERCENTAGE_BIN_SIZE (100.0/LENGTH_OF_PROGRESS_BAR)

namespace
{
    std::string generateProgressBar(unsigned int percentage)
    {
        const int progress = static_cast<int>(percentage/PERCENTAGE_BIN_SIZE);
        std::ostringstream ss;
        ss << " " << std::setw(3) << std::right << percentage << "% ";
        std::string bar("[" + std::string(LENGTH_OF_PROGRESS_BAR-2, ' ') + "]");

        unsigned int numberOfSymbols = std::min(
                std::max(0, progress - 1),
                LENGTH_OF_PROGRESS_BAR - 2);

        bar.replace(1, numberOfSymbols, std::string(numberOfSymbols, '|'));

        ss << bar;
        return ss.str();
    }
}

ProgressBar::ProgressBar(
            uint32_t expectedIterations, const std::string& initialMessage)
    : mTotalIterations(expectedIterations),
      mNumberOfTicks(0),
      mEnded(false)
{
    std::cout << initialMessage << "\n";
    mLengthOfLastPrintedMessage = initialMessage.size();
    std::cout << generateProgressBar(0) << "\r" << std::flush;
}

ProgressBar::~ProgressBar()
{
    endProgressBar();
}

void ProgressBar::operator++()
{
    if (mEnded)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error(
                "Attempted to use progress bar after having terminated it");
    }

    mNumberOfTicks = std::min(mTotalIterations, mNumberOfTicks+1);
    const unsigned int percentage = static_cast<unsigned int>(
            mNumberOfTicks*100.0/mTotalIterations);

    std::cout << generateProgressBar(percentage) << "\r" << std::flush;
}

void ProgressBar::printNewMessage(const std::string& message)
{
    if (mEnded)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error(
                "Attempted to use progress bar after having terminated it");
    }

    std::cout << "\r"
        << std::left
        << std::setw(LENGTH_OF_PROGRESS_BAR + 6)
        << message << "\n";
    mLengthOfLastPrintedMessage = message.size();
    const unsigned int percentage = static_cast<unsigned int>(
            mNumberOfTicks*100.0/mTotalIterations);

    std::cout << generateProgressBar(percentage) << "\r" << std::flush;

}

void ProgressBar::updateLastPrintedMessage(const std::string& message)
{
    if (mEnded)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error(
                "Attempted to use progress bar after having terminated it");
    }

    std::cout << "\r\033[F"
        << std::left
        << std::setw(mLengthOfLastPrintedMessage)
        << message << "\n";
    mLengthOfLastPrintedMessage = message.size();
}

void ProgressBar::endProgressBar()
{
    if (!mEnded)
    {
        std::cout << std::string(2, '\n');
    }
    mEnded = true;
}

如何使用

这是两段代码，展示了如何使用它以及预期的输出:

更新.cpp

#include "ProgressBar.h"
#include <unistd.h>

#define ITERATIONS 10

int main()
{
    ProgressBar progress(ITERATIONS, "No odd number found");
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; ++i)
    {
        // Sleep for 0.5s so that the gif is clear enough
        usleep(500000);

        if (i%2 != 0)
        {
            progress.updateLastPrintedMessage(
                    "New odd number found: " + std::to_string(i));
        }

        ++progress;
    }
}

updating.cpp 的输出

appending.cpp

#include "ProgressBar.h"
#include <unistd.h>

#define ITERATIONS 10

int main()
{
    ProgressBar progress(ITERATIONS, "Looking for odd numbers...");
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; ++i)
    {
        // Sleep for 0.5s so that the gif is clear enough
        usleep(500000);

        if (i%2 != 0)
        {
            progress.printNewMessage(
                    "New odd number found: " + std::to_string(i));
        }

        ++progress;
    }
}

appending.cpp 的输出