c# - Monty Hall 程序模拟 (C#)

Question

我正在尝试模拟 Monty Hall Problem (因为我从书中读到 Think Statistics 一个人只有在看到计算机模拟后才会被说服)C#，我最熟悉的编程语言。我的场景是奖品的位置是随机的(每次运行)，我的选择是随机的，游戏主持人选择开门是随机的(如果我选择了非奖品就不能随机)。

但令人惊讶的是，无论我是否切换，我的程序都达到了 50:50 获胜机会的结果。这是它的代码(请原谅我的冗长):

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Random rand = new Random();

        int noSwitchWins = RunGames(rand, false, 10000);
        int switchWins = RunGames(rand, true, 10000);

        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("If you don't switch, you will win {0} out of 1000 games.", noSwitchWins));
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("If you switch, you will win {0} out of 1000 games.", switchWins));

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static int RunGames(Random rand, bool doSwitch, int numberOfRuns)
    {
        int counter = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfRuns; i++)
        {
            bool isWin = RunGame(rand, doSwitch);
            if (isWin)
                counter++;
        }

        return counter;
    }

    static bool RunGame(Random rand, bool doSwitch)
    {
        int prize = rand.Next(0, 2);
        int selection = rand.Next(0, 2);

        // available choices
        List<Choice> choices = new List<Choice> { new Choice(), new Choice(), new Choice() };
        choices[prize].IsPrize = true;
        choices[selection].IsSelected = true;
        Choice selectedChoice = choices[selection];
        int randomlyDisplayedDoor = rand.Next(0, 1);

        // one of the choices are displayed
        var choicesToDisplay = choices.Where(x => !x.IsSelected && !x.IsPrize);
        var displayedChoice = choicesToDisplay.ElementAt(choicesToDisplay.Count() == 1 ? 0 : randomlyDisplayedDoor);
        choices.Remove(displayedChoice);

        // would you like to switch?
        if (doSwitch)
        {
            Choice initialChoice = choices.Where(x => x.IsSelected).FirstOrDefault();
            selectedChoice = choices.Where(x => !x.IsSelected).FirstOrDefault();
            selectedChoice.IsSelected = true;
        }

        return selectedChoice.IsPrize;
    }
}

class Choice
{
    public bool IsPrize = false;
    public bool IsSelected = false;
}

这完全是为了我自己的兴趣，我用我最熟悉最舒服的方式写的。请随时提出您自己的意见和批评，非常感谢!

Answer 1

rand.Next(0,2)

只返回0或1；上限是独占的。你永远不会选择第三扇门(除非你切换)，第三扇门永远不会有奖品。您正在为错误的问题建模。

改为尝试:

rand.Next(0,3)

同样:

int randomlyDisplayedDoor = rand.Next(0, 1);

只选择第一个候选门；应该是:

int randomlyDisplayedDoor = rand.Next(0, 2);

现在我们得到:

If you don't switch, you will win 3320 out of 1000 games.
If you switch, you will win 6639 out of 1000 games.

注意 - 当等于时，上限包含 - 即 rand.Next(1,1) 总是返回 1.