c# - 如何在 .NET/C# 中以编程方式为我的应用程序创建快捷方式 (.lnk) 添加到启动文件夹

Question

我的应用程序将有一个每台机器(而不是每个用户)的启动快捷方式。我可以在安装程序过程中创建快捷方式没问题。当用户稍后将其删除然后尝试重新启用时，我的问题就来了。换句话说，他们关闭了 RunOnStartup(这会删除启动墨水)，稍后他们决定确实希望它在启动时运行，因此他们返回到首选项并重新启用。

显然，对于 .NET 来说，这是一个非常普遍的提示，即没有创建快捷方式的 native 方法。但是，一直没有找到很好的解决方案。

我发现/考虑过的解决方案:

• 然后创建一个快捷方式。复制一份就行了这可能是一个很好的解决方案。我不能指望有一个开始菜单链接。但是，我想我可能会创建一个并将其保存在程序目录中......这将问题转移到我的安装程序必须创建具有适当路径的快捷方式，该路径将在安装时指定。

• 做什么 this other stackoverflow answer是并使用 COM 包装器对象。我想避免使用 COM。它也是在 2003 年编写的。所以，我不确定它对 vista 的支持程度。我想试一试，但手头没有 vista 盒子。

• 改用注册表。这就是我目前的做法……但在 Vista 上遇到了问题。似乎普遍认为启动菜单快捷方式是执行此操作的正确方法，所以这就是我的目标。

此外，我还必须处理普通用户(不是管理员)试图更改此首选项的情况。在这种情况下，我需要优雅地失败，或者在 vista 的情况下允许用户输入管理员密码以获取管理员安全 token 。已经正确考虑到这种情况的答案会很棒。

如果这个主题已经涉及到，我深表歉意。我在发布之前搜索了一下。

更新:复制安装程序创建的快捷方式是最佳解决方案。我会在完成后发布代码...遇到了一些障碍 a) Environment.GetSpecialFolder 没有引用已经解决的 StartMenu...但是，现在我正在处理提升权限以将文件复制到适当的位置。我为此主题创建了一个新的 stackoverflow 问题:How can I copy a file as a "Standard User" in Vista (ie "An Administrative Choice Application") by prompting user for admin credentials?

Answer 1

正如 Joel 所建议的，正确的解决方案是在安装时在程序文件文件夹中安装快捷方式，然后将 .lnk 复制到启动文件夹。尝试创建快捷方式更加困难。

下面的代码执行以下操作:

• 它为您获取所有用户启动文件夹的路径。 Environment.GetSpecialFolder 相当有限，没有对此文件夹的引用，因此您需要进行系统调用。
• 具有复制和删除快捷方式的方法。

最终，如果运行该应用程序的用户是普通用户，我还想确保它在 vista 上得到妥善处理，系统会提示他们输入他们的凭据。我在这里创建了一个关于该主题的帖子，所以如果这对您很重要，请在此处查看。 How can I copy a file as a "Standard User" in Vista (ie "An Administrative Choice Application") by prompting user for admin credentials?

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace BR.Util
{
public class StartupLinkUtil
{
    [DllImport("shell32.dll")]
    static extern bool SHGetSpecialFolderPath(IntPtr hwndOwner, [Out] StringBuilder lpszPath, int nFolder, bool fCreate);

    public static string getAllUsersStartupFolder()
    {
        StringBuilder path = new StringBuilder(200);
        SHGetSpecialFolderPath(IntPtr.Zero, path, CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP, false);
        return path.ToString();
    }


    private static string getStartupShortcutFilename()
    {
        return Path.Combine(getAllUsersStartupFolder(), Application.ProductName) + ".lnk";
    }

   public static bool CopyShortcutToAllUsersStartupFolder(string pShortcutName)
    {
        bool retVal = false;
        FileInfo shortcutFile = new FileInfo(pShortcutName);
        FileInfo destination = new FileInfo(getStartupShortcutFilename());

        if (destination.Exists)
        {
            // Don't do anything file already exists.  -- Potentially overwrite?
        }
        else if (!shortcutFile.Exists)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Unable to RunOnStartup because '" + pShortcutName + "' can't be found.  Was this application installed properly?");
        }
        else
        {
            retVal = copyFile(shortcutFile, destination);
        }
        return retVal;
    }

    public static bool doesShortcutExistInAllUsersStartupFolder()
    {
        return File.Exists(getStartupShortcutFilename());
    }

    public static bool RemoveShortcutFromAllUsersStartupFolder() {
        bool retVal = false;
        string path = Path.Combine(getAllUsersStartupFolder(), Application.ProductName) + ".lnk";
        if( File.Exists(path) ) {
            try
            {
                File.Delete(path);
                retVal = true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(string.Format("Unable to remove this application from the Startup list.  Administrative privledges are required to perform this operation.\n\nDetails: SecurityException: {0}", ex.Message), "Update Startup Mode", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
            }
        }
        return retVal;
    }

    // TODO: Test this in vista to see if it prompts for credentials.
    public static bool copyFile(FileInfo pSource, FileInfo pDestination)
    {
        bool retVal = false;

        try
        {
            File.Copy(pSource.FullName, pDestination.FullName);
            //MessageBox.Show("File has successfully been added.", "Copy File", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
            retVal = true;
        }
        catch (System.Security.SecurityException secEx)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(string.Format("SecurityException: {0}", secEx.Message), "Copy File", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
        }
        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException authEx)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(string.Format("UnauthorizedAccessException: {0}", authEx.Message), "Copy File", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Copy File", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
        }

        return retVal;
    }

    #region Special Folder constants
    const int CSIDL_DESKTOP = 0x0000;        // <desktop>
    const int CSIDL_INTERNET = 0x0001;        // Internet Explorer (icon on desktop)
    const int CSIDL_PROGRAMS = 0x0002;        // Start Menu\Programs
    const int CSIDL_CONTROLS = 0x0003;        // My Computer\Control Panel
    const int CSIDL_PRINTERS = 0x0004;        // My Computer\Printers
    const int CSIDL_PERSONAL = 0x0005;        // My Documents
    const int CSIDL_FAVORITES = 0x0006;        // <user name>\Favorites
    const int CSIDL_STARTUP = 0x0007;        // Start Menu\Programs\Startup
    const int CSIDL_RECENT = 0x0008;        // <user name>\Recent
    const int CSIDL_SENDTO = 0x0009;        // <user name>\SendTo
    const int CSIDL_BITBUCKET = 0x000a;        // <desktop>\Recycle Bin
    const int CSIDL_STARTMENU = 0x000b;        // <user name>\Start Menu
    const int CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS = CSIDL_PERSONAL; //  Personal was just a silly name for My Documents
    const int CSIDL_MYMUSIC = 0x000d;        // "My Music" folder
    const int CSIDL_MYVIDEO = 0x000e;        // "My Videos" folder
    const int CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY = 0x0010;        // <user name>\Desktop
    const int CSIDL_DRIVES = 0x0011;        // My Computer
    const int CSIDL_NETWORK = 0x0012;        // Network Neighborhood (My Network Places)
    const int CSIDL_NETHOOD = 0x0013;        // <user name>\nethood
    const int CSIDL_FONTS = 0x0014;        // windows\fonts
    const int CSIDL_TEMPLATES = 0x0015;
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU = 0x0016;        // All Users\Start Menu
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS = 0x0017;        // All Users\Start Menu\Programs
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP = 0x0018;        // All Users\Startup
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY = 0x0019;        // All Users\Desktop
    const int CSIDL_APPDATA = 0x001a;        // <user name>\Application Data
    const int CSIDL_PRINTHOOD = 0x001b;        // <user name>\PrintHood
    const int CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA = 0x001c;        // <user name>\Local Settings\Applicaiton Data (non roaming)
    const int CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP = 0x001d;        // non localized startup
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP = 0x001e;        // non localized common startup
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES = 0x001f;
    const int CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE = 0x0020;
    const int CSIDL_COOKIES = 0x0021;
    const int CSIDL_HISTORY = 0x0022;
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA = 0x0023;        // All Users\Application Data
    const int CSIDL_WINDOWS = 0x0024;        // GetWindowsDirectory()
    const int CSIDL_SYSTEM = 0x0025;        // GetSystemDirectory()
    const int CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES = 0x0026;        // C:\Program Files
    const int CSIDL_MYPICTURES = 0x0027;        // C:\Program Files\My Pictures
    const int CSIDL_PROFILE = 0x0028;        // USERPROFILE
    const int CSIDL_SYSTEMX86 = 0x0029;        // x86 system directory on RISC
    const int CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86 = 0x002a;        // x86 C:\Program Files on RISC
    const int CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON = 0x002b;        // C:\Program Files\Common
    const int CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86 = 0x002c;        // x86 Program Files\Common on RISC
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES = 0x002d;        // All Users\Templates
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS = 0x002e;        // All Users\Documents
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS = 0x002f;        // All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
    const int CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS = 0x0030;        // <user name>\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
    const int CSIDL_CONNECTIONS = 0x0031;        // Network and Dial-up Connections
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC = 0x0035;        // All Users\My Music
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES = 0x0036;        // All Users\My Pictures
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO = 0x0037;        // All Users\My Video
    const int CSIDL_RESOURCES = 0x0038;        // Resource Direcotry
    const int CSIDL_RESOURCES_LOCALIZED = 0x0039;        // Localized Resource Direcotry
    const int CSIDL_COMMON_OEM_LINKS = 0x003a;        // Links to All Users OEM specific apps
    const int CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA = 0x003b;        // USERPROFILE\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\CD Burning
    const int CSIDL_COMPUTERSNEARME = 0x003d;        // Computers Near Me (computered from Workgroup membership)
    const int CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE = 0x8000;        // combine with CSIDL_ value to force folder creation in SHGetFolderPath()
    const int CSIDL_FLAG_DONT_VERIFY = 0x4000;        // combine with CSIDL_ value to return an unverified folder path
    const int CSIDL_FLAG_DONT_UNEXPAND = 0x2000;        // combine with CSIDL_ value to avoid unexpanding environment variables
    const int CSIDL_FLAG_NO_ALIAS = 0x1000;        // combine with CSIDL_ value to insure non-alias versions of the pidl
    const int CSIDL_FLAG_PER_USER_INIT = 0x0800;        // combine with CSIDL_ value to indicate per-user init (eg. upgrade)
    #endregion
}

在编写此解决方案时，我想到了一种更好的处理问题的方法，即不需要用户升级权限即可禁用启动时运行。我的解决方案是在程序加载后立即检查是否有名为 RunOnStartup 的用户范围设置。为了在系统加载或登录时检测应用程序是否正在启动，我向快捷方式添加了一个参数，该快捷方式被添加到 All Users -> Startup 文件夹中，名为 shortcut。

        // Quit the application if the per user setting for RunOnStartup is false.
            if (args != null && args.Length > 0 && args[0].Contains("startup"))
            {
                if (Settings1.Default.RunOnStartup == false)
                {
                    Application.Exit();
                }
            }