Python TfidfVectorizer 抛出 : empty vocabulary; perhaps the documents only contain stop words"

Question

我正在尝试使用 Python 的 Tfidf 来转换文本语料库。但是，当我尝试对其进行 fit_transform 时，出现值错误 ValueError: empty vocabulary;也许文档只包含停用词。

In [69]: TfidfVectorizer().fit_transform(smallcorp)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-69-ac16344f3129> in <module>()
----> 1 TfidfVectorizer().fit_transform(smallcorp)

/Users/maxsong/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/feature_extraction/text.pyc in fit_transform(self, raw_documents, y)
   1217         vectors : array, [n_samples, n_features]
   1218         """
-> 1219         X = super(TfidfVectorizer, self).fit_transform(raw_documents)
   1220         self._tfidf.fit(X)
   1221         # X is already a transformed view of raw_documents so

/Users/maxsong/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/feature_extraction/text.pyc in fit_transform(self, raw_documents, y)
    778         max_features = self.max_features
    779 
--> 780         vocabulary, X = self._count_vocab(raw_documents, self.fixed_vocabulary)
    781         X = X.tocsc()
    782 

/Users/maxsong/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sklearn/feature_extraction/text.pyc in _count_vocab(self, raw_documents, fixed_vocab)
    725             vocabulary = dict(vocabulary)
    726             if not vocabulary:
--> 727                 raise ValueError("empty vocabulary; perhaps the documents only"
    728                                  " contain stop words")
    729 

ValueError: empty vocabulary; perhaps the documents only contain stop words

我在这里通读了 SO 问题:Problems using a custom vocabulary for TfidfVectorizer scikit-learn并尝试了 ogrisel 的建议，即使用 TfidfVectorizer(**params).build_analyzer()(dataset2) 检查文本分析步骤的结果，这似乎按预期工作:下面的代码片段:

In [68]: TfidfVectorizer().build_analyzer()(smallcorp)
Out[68]: 
[u'due',
 u'to',
 u'lack',
 u'of',
 u'personal',
 u'biggest',
 u'education',
 u'and',
 u'husband',
 u'to',

我还有什么地方做错了吗？我正在喂它的语料库只是一个巨大的长字符串，中间有换行符。

谢谢!

Answer 1

我猜这是因为你只有一根绳子。尝试将其拆分为字符串列表，例如:

In [51]: smallcorp
Out[51]: 'Ah! Now I have done Philosophy,\nI have finished Law and Medicine,\nAnd sadly even Theology:\nTaken fierce pains, from end to end.\nNow here I am, a fool for sure!\nNo wiser than I was before:'

In [52]: tf = TfidfVectorizer()

In [53]: tf.fit_transform(smallcorp.split('\n'))
Out[53]: 
<6x28 sparse matrix of type '<type 'numpy.float64'>'
    with 31 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>