python - 断言两个字典几乎相等

Question

我试图断言两个词典几乎相等，但我似乎做不到。

这是一个例子:

>>> import nose.tools as nt
>>> nt.assert_dict_equal({'a' : 12.4}, {'a' : 5.6 + 6.8})
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/unittest/case.py", line 838, in assertDictEqual
    self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/unittest/case.py", line 413, in fail
    raise self.failureException(msg)
AssertionError: {'a': 12.4} != {'a': 12.399999999999999}
- {'a': 12.4}
+ {'a': 12.399999999999999}

我希望这样过去:

>>> nt.assert_almost_equal(12.4, 5.6 + 6.8)

我希望我遗漏了一些简单的东西，比如 nt.assert_almost_dict_equal，或者我可以传递给 nt.assert_dict_equal 的参数指定 float 的接近程度应该是，但我找不到任何东西。

当然，我可以循环遍历字典并使用 nt.assert_almost_equal 来单独比较值；然而，在我的例子中，字典更复杂，所以我希望避免这种情况。

断言两个字典几乎相等的最佳方法是什么？

Answer 1

@dano 的评论回答了我的问题:

我从 link provided by dano 复制了一个函数

import unittest
import numpy

def assertDeepAlmostEqual(test_case, expected, actual, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Assert that two complex structures have almost equal contents.

    Compares lists, dicts and tuples recursively. Checks numeric values
    using test_case's :py:meth:`unittest.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual` and
    checks all other values with :py:meth:`unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`.
    Accepts additional positional and keyword arguments and pass those
    intact to assertAlmostEqual() (that's how you specify comparison
    precision).

    :param test_case: TestCase object on which we can call all of the basic
    'assert' methods.
    :type test_case: :py:class:`unittest.TestCase` object
    """
    is_root = not '__trace' in kwargs
    trace = kwargs.pop('__trace', 'ROOT')
    try:
        if isinstance(expected, (int, float, long, complex)):
            test_case.assertAlmostEqual(expected, actual, *args, **kwargs)
        elif isinstance(expected, (list, tuple, numpy.ndarray)):
            test_case.assertEqual(len(expected), len(actual))
            for index in xrange(len(expected)):
                v1, v2 = expected[index], actual[index]
                assertDeepAlmostEqual(test_case, v1, v2,
                                      __trace=repr(index), *args, **kwargs)
        elif isinstance(expected, dict):
            test_case.assertEqual(set(expected), set(actual))
            for key in expected:
                assertDeepAlmostEqual(test_case, expected[key], actual[key],
                                      __trace=repr(key), *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            test_case.assertEqual(expected, actual)
    except AssertionError as exc:
        exc.__dict__.setdefault('traces', []).append(trace)
        if is_root:
            trace = ' -> '.join(reversed(exc.traces))
            exc = AssertionError("%s\nTRACE: %s" % (exc.message, trace))
        raise exc

# My part, using the function

class TestMyClass(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_dicts(self):
        assertDeepAlmostEqual(self, {'a' : 12.4}, {'a' : 5.6 + 6.8})
    def test_dicts_2(self):
        dict_1 = {'a' : {'b' : [12.4, 0.3]}}
        dict_2 = {'a' : {'b' : [5.6 + 6.8, 0.1 + 0.2]}}

        assertDeepAlmostEqual(self, dict_1, dict_2)

def main():
    unittest.main()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

结果:

Ran 2 tests in 0.000s

OK