python - 命名元组如何在 python 内部实现？

Question

命名元组是易于创建的轻量级对象类型。 namedtuple 实例可以使用类对象变量引用或标准元组语法来引用。如果这些数据结构可以通过对象引用和索引访问，它们是如何在内部实现的？是通过哈希表吗？

Answer 1

实际上，很容易找出给定的 namedtuple 是如何实现的:如果在创建它时传递关键字参数 verbose=True，它的类定义就会被打印出来:

>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', "x y", verbose=True)
from builtins import property as _property, tuple as _tuple
from operator import itemgetter as _itemgetter
from collections import OrderedDict

class Point(tuple):
    'Point(x, y)'

    __slots__ = ()

    _fields = ('x', 'y')

    def __new__(_cls, x, y):
        'Create new instance of Point(x, y)'
        return _tuple.__new__(_cls, (x, y))

    @classmethod
    def _make(cls, iterable, new=tuple.__new__, len=len):
        'Make a new Point object from a sequence or iterable'
        result = new(cls, iterable)
        if len(result) != 2:
            raise TypeError('Expected 2 arguments, got %d' % len(result))
        return result

    def _replace(_self, **kwds):
        'Return a new Point object replacing specified fields with new values'
        result = _self._make(map(kwds.pop, ('x', 'y'), _self))
        if kwds:
            raise ValueError('Got unexpected field names: %r' % list(kwds))
        return result

    def __repr__(self):
        'Return a nicely formatted representation string'
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(x=%r, y=%r)' % self

    @property
    def __dict__(self):
        'A new OrderedDict mapping field names to their values'
        return OrderedDict(zip(self._fields, self))

    def _asdict(self):
        '''Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values.
           This method is obsolete.  Use vars(nt) or nt.__dict__ instead.
        '''
        return self.__dict__

    def __getnewargs__(self):
        'Return self as a plain tuple.  Used by copy and pickle.'
        return tuple(self)

    def __getstate__(self):
        'Exclude the OrderedDict from pickling'
        return None

    x = _property(_itemgetter(0), doc='Alias for field number 0')

    y = _property(_itemgetter(1), doc='Alias for field number 1')

因此，它是 tuple 的子类，具有一些额外的方法来为其提供所需的行为，一个包含字段名称的 _fields 类级常量，以及 property 方法，用于对元组成员进行属性访问。

至于实际构建此类定义的代码，那是 deep magic .