python - 使用 ElementTree 编写带有 utf-8 数据的 xml utf-8 文件

Question

我正在尝试使用 ElementTree 编写一个包含 utf-8 编码数据的 xml 文件，如下所示:

#!/usr/bin/python                                                                       
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-                                                                   

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import codecs

testtag = ET.Element('unicodetag')
testtag.text = u'Töreboda' #The o is really ö (o with two dots over). No idea why SO dont display this
expfile = codecs.open('testunicode.xml',"w","utf-8-sig")
ET.ElementTree(testtag).write(expfile,encoding="UTF-8",xml_declaration=True)
expfile.close()

这会导致错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "unicodetest.py", line 10, in <module>
    ET.ElementTree(testtag).write(expfile,encoding="UTF-8",xml_declaration=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 815, in write
    serialize(write, self._root, encoding, qnames, namespaces)    
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 932, in _serialize_xml
    write(_escape_cdata(text, encoding))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/codecs.py", line 691, in write
    return self.writer.write(data)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/codecs.py", line 351, in write
    data, consumed = self.encode(object, self.errors)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 1: ordinal not in range(128)

改用“us-ascii”编码效果很好，但不要保留数据中的 unicode 字符。发生了什么事？

Answer 1

codecs.open 期望将 Unicode 字符串写入文件对象，并将处理编码为 UTF-8。 ElementTree 的 write 在将它们发送到文件对象之前将 Unicode 字符串编码为 UTF-8 字节字符串。由于文件对象需要 Unicode 字符串，它使用默认的 ascii 编解码器将字节字符串强制回 Unicode，并导致 UnicodeDecodeError。

只需这样做:

#expfile = codecs.open('testunicode.xml',"w","utf-8-sig")
ET.ElementTree(testtag).write('testunicode.xml',encoding="UTF-8",xml_declaration=True)
#expfile.close()