python - 为什么 SQLAlchemy 不创建串行列？

Question

SQLAlchemy 正在为 postgresql 中的列生成但不启用序列。我怀疑我可能在引擎设置中做错了什么。

使用 SQLAlchemy 教程中的示例 (http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_9/orm/tutorial.html):

#!/usr/bin/env python

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Sequence
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, Sequence('user_id_seq'), primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(50))
    fullname = Column(String(50))
    password = Column(String(12))

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<User(name='%s', fullname='%s', password='%s')>" % (
                                self.name, self.fullname, self.password)

db_url = 'postgresql://localhost/serial'
engine = create_engine(db_url, echo=True)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

使用此脚本，生成下表:

serial=# \d+ users
                                 Table "public.users"
  Column  |         Type          | Modifiers | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
----------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id       | integer               | not null  | plain    |              | 
 name     | character varying(50) |           | extended |              | 
 fullname | character varying(50) |           | extended |              | 
 password | character varying(12) |           | extended |              | 
Indexes:
    "users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Has OIDs: no

但是，一个序列被创建了:

serial=# select sequence_schema,sequence_name,data_type from information_schema.sequences ;
 sequence_schema | sequence_name | data_type 
-----------------+---------------+-----------
 public          | user_id_seq   | bigint

SQLAlchemy 0.9.1、Python 2.7.5+、Postgresql 9.3.1、Ubuntu 13.10

-里斯

Answer 1

这是因为您为其提供了明确的 Sequence。 postgresql 中的 SERIAL 数据类型生成它的 own 序列，SQLAlchemy 知道如何定位 - 所以如果你省略 Sequence，SQLAlchemy 将呈现 SERIAL，假设目的是该列是自动递增的(由 autoincrement 参数与 Integer primary_key 一起确定；它默认为 True)。但是当传递 Sequence 时，SQLAlchemy 会看到您不希望 SERIAL 隐式创建的序列的意图，而是您指定的序列:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Sequence
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

Base = declarative_base()

class T1(Base):
    __tablename__ = 't1'

    # emits CREATE SEQUENCE + INTEGER
    id = Column(Integer, Sequence('user_id_seq'), primary_key=True)

class T2(Base):
    __tablename__ = 't2'

    # emits SERIAL
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

class T3(Base):
    __tablename__ = 't3'

    # emits INTEGER
    id = Column(Integer, autoincrement=False, primary_key=True)

engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test", echo=True)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

输出:

CREATE SEQUENCE user_id_seq

CREATE TABLE t1 (
    id INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
)


CREATE TABLE t2 (
    id SERIAL NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
)


CREATE TABLE t3 (
    id INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
)