python - 将字符串数组(类别)从 Pandas 数据帧转换为整数数组

Question

我正在尝试做与 previous question 非常相似的事情但我得到一个错误。我有一个包含特征的 Pandas 数据框，标签我需要做一些转换以将特征和标签变量发送到机器学习对象中:

import pandas
import milk
from scikits.statsmodels.tools import categorical

然后我有:

trainedData=bigdata[bigdata['meta']<15]
untrained=bigdata[bigdata['meta']>=15]
#print trainedData
#extract two columns from trainedData
#convert to numpy array
features=trainedData.ix[:,['ratio','area']].as_matrix(['ratio','area'])
un_features=untrained.ix[:,['ratio','area']].as_matrix(['ratio','area'])
print 'features'
print features[:5]
##label is a string:single, touching,nuclei,dust
print 'labels'

labels=trainedData.ix[:,['type']].as_matrix(['type'])
print labels[:5]
#convert single to 0, touching to 1, nuclei to 2, dusts to 3
#
tmp=categorical(labels,drop=True)
targets=categorical(labels,drop=True).argmax(1)
print targets

输出控制台首先产生:

features
[[ 0.38846334  0.97681855]
[ 3.8318634   0.5724734 ]
[ 0.67710876  1.01816444]
[ 1.12024943  0.91508699]
[ 7.51749674  1.00156707]]
labels
[[single]
[touching]
[single]
[single]
[nuclei]]

然后我遇到了以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/claire/Applications/ProjetPython/projet particule et objet/karyotyper/DAPI-Trainer02-MILK.py", line 83, in <module>
tmp=categorical(labels,drop=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/scikits.statsmodels-0.3.0rc1-py2.6.egg/scikits/statsmodels/tools/tools.py", line 206, in categorical
tmp_dummy = (tmp_arr[:,None]==data).astype(float)
AttributeError: 'bool' object has no attribute 'astype'

是否可以将数据框中的类别变量“type”转换为 int 类型？ “type”可以取值“single”、“touching”、“nuclei”、“dusts”，我需要转换为 0、1、2、3 等 int 值。

Answer 1

以前的答案已经过时，所以这里有一个将字符串映射到数字的解决方案，适用于 0.18.1 版的 Pandas。

对于系列:

In [1]: import pandas as pd
In [2]: s = pd.Series(['single', 'touching', 'nuclei', 'dusts',
                       'touching', 'single', 'nuclei'])
In [3]: s_enc = pd.factorize(s)
In [4]: s_enc[0]
Out[4]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 2])
In [5]: s_enc[1]
Out[5]: Index([u'single', u'touching', u'nuclei', u'dusts'], dtype='object')

对于数据框:

In [1]: import pandas as pd
In [2]: df = pd.DataFrame({'labels': ['single', 'touching', 'nuclei', 
                       'dusts', 'touching', 'single', 'nuclei']})
In [3]: catenc = pd.factorize(df['labels'])
In [4]: catenc
Out[4]: (array([0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 2]), 
        Index([u'single', u'touching', u'nuclei', u'dusts'],
        dtype='object'))
In [5]: df['labels_enc'] = catenc[0]
In [6]: df
Out[4]:
         labels  labels_enc
    0    single           0
    1  touching           1
    2    nuclei           2
    3     dusts           3
    4  touching           1
    5    single           0
    6    nuclei           2